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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2026) | Viewed by 9662

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Dr. Kalina Detka

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Guest Editor

Department of Power Electronics, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
Interests: wireless power transfer systems; inductor; transformers; high frequency air core transformers; power electronics systems; energy storage systems
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Dr. Damian Bisewski

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Guest Editor

Department of Power Electronics, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
Interests: power semiconductor devices; SiC; GaN; magnetic materials; power electronics; power converters; artificial intelligence methods
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The pursuit of miniaturization of power electronic devices requires increasing the frequency of their operation. The increase in this frequency is limited by the dynamic properties of the elements contained in such devices, i.e., semiconductor and magnetic elements, which narrows the scope of their application and affects the energy efficiency of power electronic systems. For example, an increase in the operating frequency of electronic devices containing magnetic elements causes decrease of energy efficiency of the considered system. The reason for the reduced efficiency is an increase in power losses in magnetic elements. Additionally, an increase in the operating frequency causes an increase in the temperature of the considered elements as a result of thermal phenomena occurring in them, such as self-heating or mutual thermal coupling between the components of the mentioned element (core, winding). Therefore, the aim of this issue is to identify new trends and research in the field of modern electronic components used in power systems and to present the influence of selected properties of electronic components of the considered systems. Additionally, the area of power systems in which specific electronic components are used will be indicated.

Prof. Dr. Kalina Detka
Dr. Damian Bisewski
Guest Editors

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Keywords

power semiconductor devices
SiC
GaN
magnetic materials
power electronics
power converters

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Related Special Issue

Power Electronics Technology and Application—2nd Edition in Energies

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

30 pages, 5764 KB

Open AccessArticle

Control and Modeling Framework for Balanced Operation and Electro-Thermal Analysis in Three-Level T-Type Neutral Point Clamped Inverters

by Ahmed H. Okilly, Cheolgyu Kim, Do-Wan Kim and Jeihoon Baek

Energies 2025, 18(21), 5587; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215587 - 24 Oct 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 898

Abstract

Reliable multilevel inverter IGBT modules require precise loss and heat management, particularly in severe traction applications. This paper presents a comprehensive modeling framework for three-level T-type neutral-point clamped (TNPC) inverters using a high-power Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) module that combines model predictive control (MPC) with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to methodically tune the MPC cost function weights for minimization, while achieving a balance between output current tracking, stabilization of the neutral-point voltage, and, consequently, a uniform distribution of thermal stress. The proposed SVPWM-MPC algorithm selects optimal switching states, which are then utilized in a chip-level loss model coupled with a Cauer RC thermal network to predict transient chip-level junction temperatures dynamically. The proposed framework is executed in MATLAB R2024b and validated with experiments, and the SemiSel industrial thermal simulation tool, demonstrating both control effectiveness and accuracy of the electro-thermal model. The results demonstrate that the proposed control method can sustain neutral-point voltage imbalance of less than 0.45% when operating at 25% load and approximately 1% under full load working conditions, while accomplishing a uniform junction temperature profile in all inverter legs across different working conditions. Moreover, the results indicate that the proposed control and modeling structure is an effective and common-sense way to perform coordinated electrical and thermal management, effectively allowing for predesign and reliability testing of high-power TNPC inverters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics Technology and Application)

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30 pages, 3950 KB

Open AccessArticle

Estimation of Peak Junction Hotspot Temperature in Three-Level TNPC-IGBT Modules for Traction Inverters Through Chip-Level Modeling and Experimental Validation

by Ahmed H. Okilly, Peter Nkwocha Harmony, Cheolgyu Kim, Do-Wan Kim and Jeihoon Baek

Energies 2025, 18(14), 3829; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143829 - 18 Jul 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1484

Abstract

Monitoring the peak junction hotspot temperature in IGBT modules is critical for ensuring the reliability of high-power industrial multilevel inverters, particularly when operating under extreme thermal conditions, such as in traction applications. This study presents a comprehensive chip-level analytical loss and thermal model for estimation of the peak junction hotspot temperature in a three-level T-type neutral-point-clamped (TNPC) IGBT module. The developed model includes a detailed analytical assessment of conduction and switching losses, along with transient thermal network modeling, based on the actual electrical and thermal characteristics of the IGBT module. Additionally, a hybrid thermal–electrical stress experimental setup, designed to replicate real operating conditions, was implemented for a balanced three-phase inverter circuit utilizing a Semikron three-level IGBT module, with testing currents reaching 100 A and a critical case temperature of 125 °C. The analytically estimated module losses and peak junction hotspot temperatures were validated through direct experimental measurements. Furthermore, thermal simulations were conducted with Semikron’s SemiSel benchmark tool to cross-validate the accuracy of the thermo-electrical model. The outcomes show a relative estimation error of less than 1% when compared to experimental data and approximately 1.15% for the analytical model. These findings confirm the model’s accuracy and enhance the reliability evaluation of TNPC-IGBT modules in extreme thermal environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics Technology and Application)

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17 pages, 5158 KB

Open AccessArticle

Centrifugal Pumping Force in Oil Injection-Based TMS to Cool High-Power Aircraft Electric Motors

by Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Diego Giuseppe Romano, Antonio Carozza and Antonio Pagano

Energies 2025, 18(13), 3390; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18133390 - 27 Jun 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 903

Abstract

One of the challenges of our age is climate change and the ways in which it affects the Earth’s global ecosystem. To face the problems linked to such an issue, the international community has defined actions aimed at the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in several sectors, including the aviation industry, which has been requested to mitigate its environmental impact. Conventional aircraft propulsion systems depend on fossil fuels, significantly contributing to global carbon emissions. For this reason, innovative propulsion technologies are needed to reduce aviation’s impact on the environment. Electric propulsion has emerged as a promising solution among the several innovative technologies introduced to face climate change challenges. It offers, in fact, a pathway to more sustainable air travel by eliminating direct greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing energy efficiency. Unfortunately, integrating electric motors into aircraft is currently a big challenge, primarily due to thermal management-related issues. Efficient heat dissipation is crucial to maintain optimal performance, reliability, and safety of the electric motor, but aeronautic applications are highly demanding in terms of power, so ad hoc Thermal Management Systems (TMSs) must be developed. The present paper explores the design and optimization of a TMS tailored for a megawatt electric motor in aviation, suitable for regional aircraft (~80 pax). The proposed system relies on coolant oil injected through a hollow shaft and radial tubes to directly reach hot spots and ensure effective heat distribution inside the permanent magnet cavity. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how advanced TMS strategies can enhance operational efficiency and extend the lifespan of electric motors for aeronautic applications. The effectiveness of the radial tube configuration is assessed by means of advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis with the aim of verifying that the proposed design is able to maintain system thermal stability and prevent its overheating. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics Technology and Application)

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14 pages, 6782 KB

Open AccessArticle

Suppression of Metal Particles by Coating for a ±550 kV DC GIS

by Hanhua Luo, Duohu Gong, Shan Li, Zhongqiang Zhan, Niyaer Di, Dilyar Dolkun, Xianhao Fan and Xiangdong Liu

Energies 2024, 17(22), 5627; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17225627 - 11 Nov 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1732

Abstract

Coating the inner surface of grounded enclosures has been used to inhibit metal particle motion inside AC GIS for many years. However, for DC GIS, only fundamental research has been performed, while very few attempts have been made on real DC GIS. This paper reviews the basic research into the inhibition of metal particles by coating at DC. On this basis, based on a ±550 kV DC GIS busbar, an inhibition test of metal particle motion using coating was performed. Four types of metal particles were used as samples to verify the inhibitory effect of the grounded enclosure coating. The results showed that the coating has a very good inhibitory effect on block and powder metal particles on real GIS, and there are rarely any metal particles moving again under the rated DC voltage. However, for wire and flake metal particles, the effectiveness of the coating depends on the way the particle contacts the ground electrode when they are still, and ~30% of wire and flake metal particles can be inhibited. The conclusion of this paper is of guiding significance for the research and development of stable and reliable DC gas-insulated equipment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics Technology and Application)

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Review

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36 pages, 2294 KB

Open AccessReview

From SiGe Solidification to Flexible Photovoltaic Fibers for Military Applications: Current Status and Development Prospects

by Witalis Pellowski, Agnieszka Gonciarz, Jacek Miedziak, Krzysztof A. Bogdanowicz, Piotr Krysiak, Maciej Śliwakowski, Marcin Szczepaniak, Wojciech Przybyl, Monika Marzec and Agnieszka Iwan

Energies 2026, 19(3), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030654 - 27 Jan 2026

Viewed by 739

Abstract

The main goal of this review is to comprehensively present the properties of silicon, germanium, and silicon-germanium systems and analyze current possibilities of producing fibers based on them for applications as a photovoltaic fabric for a future soldier. The vision of the future is to produce a feather-light photovoltaic optic fiber, exhibiting mechanical properties typical of Kevlar, enabling power/recharging of portable electric devices while simultaneously protecting against mechanical damage and explosions. This article analyzes, in detail, issues such as the occurrence and mobility of germanium in the environment, the life cycle of SiGe photovoltaic fabrics, ecotoxicological and human health implications, sustainable development strategies and policy implications, and analytical challenges due to low concentrations in the environment. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of silicon-based solar cells are analyzed, taking into account various factors, including environmental factors. Finally, the soldier of the future is analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics Technology and Application)

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50 pages, 2762 KB

Open AccessReview

Inkjet Printing for Batteries and Supercapacitors: State-of-the-Art Developments and Outlook

by Juan C. Rubio and Martin Bolduc

Energies 2025, 18(20), 5348; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18205348 - 11 Oct 2025

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2936

Abstract

Inkjet printing enables contactless deposition onto fragile substrates for printed energy-storage devices and supports flexible batteries and supercapacitors with reduced material use. This review examines multilayer and interdigital architectures and analyzes how ink rheology, droplet formation, colloidal interactions, and the printability window govern performance. For batteries, reported inkjet-printed electrodes commonly deliver capacities of ~110–150 mAh g⁻¹ for oxide cathodes at C/2–1 C, with coulombic efficiency ≥98% and stability over 10²–10³ cycles; silicon anodes reach ~1.0–2.0 Ah g⁻¹ with efficiency approaching 99% under stepwise formation. Typical current densities are ~0.5–5 mA cm⁻² depending on areal loading, and multilayer designs with optimized drying and parameter tuning can yield rate and discharge behavior comparable to cast films. For supercapacitors, inkjet-printed microdevices report volumetric capacitances in the mid-hundreds of F cm⁻³, translating to ~9–34 mWh cm⁻³ and ~0.25–0.41 W cm⁻³, with 80–95% retention after 10,000 cycles and coulombic efficiency near 99%. In solid-state configurations, stability is enhanced, although often accompanied by reduced areal capacitance. Although solids loading is lower than in screen printing, precise material placement together with thermal or photonic sintering enables competitive capacity, rate capability, and cycle life while minimizing waste. The review consolidates practical guidance on ink formulation, printability, and defect control and outlines opportunities in greener chemistries, oxidation-resistant metallic systems, and scalable high-throughput printing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics Technology and Application)

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