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Advanced Dielectric Materials, Sensing, Monitoring, and Diagnostic Technologies for High-Voltage Equipment in New Power Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2025 | Viewed by 1546

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jiefeng Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Interests: high-voltage engineering; insulation aging; dielectric response analysis; state evaluation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xianhao Fan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: dielectric insulation; insulation aging; intelligent optimization; state evaluation; fault diagnosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Building a new type of power system is the key to promoting the high-quality development of energy and electricity under the "dual carbon" goal. The requirements for the construction of a new type of power system will inevitably bring huge challenges and changes to the operation and maintenance of the power grid. To significantly improve the transparency level of the power grid, enhance the quality and efficiency of the energy supply chain, and ensure the safe operation of the new power system, it is increasingly important to research and develop advanced materials, as well as sensing, monitoring, and diagnostic technologies, and to achieve the digital and intelligent transformation of power system equipment.

We are therefore organizing a Special Issue on the topic of "Advanced Dielectric Materials, Sensing, Monitoring, and Diagnostic Technologies for High-Voltage Equipment in New Power Systems", and issue a call for submissions to experts and scholars in this field at home and abroad to jointly explore the cutting-edge progress, difficulties/challenges, and future development directions in this field. Experts and scholars in related fields are welcome to actively submit articles.

Dr. Jiefeng Liu
Guest Editor

Dr. Xianhao Fan
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dielectric
  • insulation
  • measurement
  • fault diagnosis
  • state evaluation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 5654 KB  
Article
Analysis of the Influence of Structural Defects on the Insulation of GIL Basin Insulator Under AC Electric Field
by Zhuoran Yang, Yue Wang, Jian Liu, Hongze Li, Lixiang Lv and Xiaolong Li
Energies 2025, 18(20), 5347; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18205347 - 11 Oct 2025
Viewed by 244
Abstract
Basin insulator is a critical component of gas-insulated transmission line (GIL) systems. Air gap defects and surface crack defects may form in basin insulators due to casting, installation, or transport processes. This phenomenon poses a significant threat to long-term safety and stability and [...] Read more.
Basin insulator is a critical component of gas-insulated transmission line (GIL) systems. Air gap defects and surface crack defects may form in basin insulators due to casting, installation, or transport processes. This phenomenon poses a significant threat to long-term safety and stability and may even lead to partial discharges. This study establishes a simulation model of a GIL system-incorporating insulator to systematically analyze the influence patterns of various defects on the insulation characteristics of the basin insulator. Meanwhile, an equation predicting the relationship between defect size and maximum electric field strength is derived. The research revealed the following: For short air gap defects near the conductor, increasing length reduces their impact on the surrounding electric field, with the radius having minimal effect; for long air gap defects near the conductor, increasing length amplifies their influence. Smooth air gap defects distant from the conductor show negligible variation in maximum electric field strength with increasing length, while unsmooth air gap defects exhibit more pronounced effects at shorter lengths. Under identical conditions, unsmooth air gap defects demonstrate greater influence on the electric field than smooth ones. For elliptical surface defects, variations in radius show the strongest distortion. The degree of influence from surface crack defects correlates directly with their proximity to the conductor. These findings provide critical diagnostic criteria for assessing the insulation performance of basin insulator under damaged conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dielectric Materials, Sensing, Monitoring, and Diagnostic Technologies for High-Voltage Equipment in New Power Systems)
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18 pages, 3029 KB  
Article
Polarization and Depolarization Current Characteristics of Cables at Different Water Immersion Stages
by Yuyang Jiao, Jingjiang Qu, Yingqiang Shang, Jingyue Ma, Jiren Chen, Jun Xiong and Zepeng Lv
Energies 2025, 18(19), 5094; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18195094 - 25 Sep 2025
Viewed by 340
Abstract
To address the insulation degradation caused by moisture intrusion due to damage to the outer sheath of power cables, this study systematically analyzed the charge transport characteristics of XLPE cables at different water immersion stages using polarization/depolarization current (PDC) measurements. An evaluation method [...] Read more.
To address the insulation degradation caused by moisture intrusion due to damage to the outer sheath of power cables, this study systematically analyzed the charge transport characteristics of XLPE cables at different water immersion stages using polarization/depolarization current (PDC) measurements. An evaluation method for assessing water immersion levels was proposed based on conductivity, charge density, and charge mobility. Experiments were conducted on commercial 10 kV XLPE cable samples subjected to accelerated water immersion for durations ranging from 0 to 30 days. PDC data were collected via a custom-built three-electrode measurement platform. The results indicated that with increasing immersion time, the decay rate of polarization/depolarization currents slowed, the steady-state current amplitude rose significantly, and the DC conductivity increased from 1.86 × 10−17 S/m to 2.70 × 10−15 S/m—a nearly two-order-of-magnitude increase. The Pearson correlation coefficient between charge mobility and immersion time reached 0.96, indicating a strong positive correlation. Additional tests on XLPE insulation slices showed a rapid rise in conductivity during early immersion, a decrease in breakdown voltage from 93.64 kV to 66.70 kV, and enhanced space charge accumulation under prolonged immersion and higher electric fields. The proposed dual-parameter criterion (conductivity and charge mobility) effectively distinguishes between early and advanced stages of cable water immersion, offering a practical approach for non-destructive assessment of insulation conditions and early detection of moisture intrusion, with significant potential for application in predictive maintenance and insulation diagnostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dielectric Materials, Sensing, Monitoring, and Diagnostic Technologies for High-Voltage Equipment in New Power Systems)
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22 pages, 3572 KB  
Article
Analysis of the Effect of the Degree of Mixing of Synthetic Ester with Mineral Oil as an Impregnating Liquid of NOMEX® 910 Cellulose–Aramid Insulation on the Time Characteristics of Polarization and Depolarization Currents Using the PDC Method
by Adam Krotowski and Stefan Wolny
Energies 2025, 18(12), 3080; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123080 - 11 Jun 2025
Viewed by 722
Abstract
This article continues the authors’ research on NOMEX® 910 cellulose–aramid insulation saturated with modern electrical insulating liquids, which is increasingly used in the construction of high-power transformers The increase in technical requirements and environmental awareness influences, nowadays, shows that, during the overhaul [...] Read more.
This article continues the authors’ research on NOMEX® 910 cellulose–aramid insulation saturated with modern electrical insulating liquids, which is increasingly used in the construction of high-power transformers The increase in technical requirements and environmental awareness influences, nowadays, shows that, during the overhaul and modernization of power transformers, petroleum-based mineral oils are increasingly being replaced by biodegradable synthetic esters (oil retrofilling). As a result of this process, the solid insulation of the windings are saturated with an oil–ester liquid mixture with a percentage composition that is difficult to predict. The purpose of the research described in this paper was to test the effect of the degree of mixing of synthetic ester with mineral oil on the diagnostic measurements of NOMEX® 910 cellulose–aramid insulation realized via the polarization PDC method. Thus, the research conducted included determining the influence of such factors as the degree of mixing of synthetic ester with mineral oil and the measurement temperature on the value of the recorded time courses of the polarization and depolarization current. The final stage of the research involved analyzing the extent to which the aforementioned factors affect parameters characterizing polarization processes in the dielectric, i.e., the dominant dielectric relaxation time constants τ1 and τ2, and the activation energy EA. The test and analysis results described in the paper will allow better interpretation of the results of diagnostic tests of transformers with solid insulation built on NOMEX® 910 paper, in which mineral oil was replaced with synthetic ester as a result of the upgrade. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dielectric Materials, Sensing, Monitoring, and Diagnostic Technologies for High-Voltage Equipment in New Power Systems)
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