Due to scheduled maintenance work on our servers, there may be short service disruptions on this website between 11:00 and 12:00 CEST on March 28th.

Emerging Trends in Facial Expression Recognition: Applications and Challenges

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Computer Science & Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2026 | Viewed by 1021

Special Issue Editors

Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
Interests: affective computing; micro-expression analysis; facial action unit detection; machine learning; forestry monitoring with AI
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Xidian, Xi'an 710126, China
Interests: geometric-invariant deep learning; remote sensing image analysis; affective computing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Interests: affective neuroscience; facial perception; MEG/EEG; human–computer interaction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Facial expression recognition (FER) has become a vital research area in computer vision, artificial intelligence (AI), and human–computer interaction due to its wide-ranging applications in fields such as healthcare, security, robotics, and virtual reality. Recent advances in deep learning, neural networks, and multimodal data fusion have significantly improved the accuracy and robustness of FER systems. However, challenges remain in handling variations caused by complex real-world environments, occlusion, privacy concerns, and the need to recognize diverse and subtle emotional expressions across different cultures and contexts. This Special Issue aims to explore the latest developments and emerging trends in FER, addressing both theoretical advancements and practical applications. We seek high-quality original research and review articles that provide novel insights into algorithm development, data augmentation, real-time implementation, and the integration of FER with other AI technologies. This Special Issue will cover a broad range of topics, including multi-modal FER, context-sensitive FER, and privacy-preserving FER systems. By bringing together contributions from leading researchers and practitioners, this Special Issue aims to advance the state of the art in FER and foster the development of more accurate, interpretable, and scalable systems.

This Special Issue offers an opportunity for scientists and professionals from computer science, psychology, and social sciences to exchange concepts, novel solutions, and strategies for advancing the smart analysis of facial expressions. We invite the submission of unpublished, original work that applies advanced techniques and methodologies to all aspects of facial expression recognition covered in this Special Issue.

Suggested Themes:

  1. Cross-cultural and multi-lingual analysis of facial expressions;
  2. Real-time FER in healthcare, security, and education;
  3. Multi-modal emotion recognition;
  4. Privacy and ethical issues in facial expression data;
  5. Explainability and interpretability in FER models;
  6. Recognition of fine-grained and diverse emotional expressions;
  7. Context-aware and adaptive FER systems;
  8. Robust facial expression recognition in real environments.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Yante Li
Dr. Hanlin Mo
Dr. Qianru Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • facial expression recognition
  • deep learning
  • multi-modal analysis
  • affective computing
  • privacy and ethical issues
  • explainability and interpretability

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

18 pages, 1956 KB  
Article
Dynamic Occlusion-Aware Facial Expression Recognition Guided by AA-ViT
by Xiangwei Mou, Xiuping Xie, Yongfu Song and Rijun Wang
Electronics 2026, 15(4), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15040764 - 11 Feb 2026
Viewed by 299
Abstract
In complex natural scenarios, facial expression recognition often encounters partial occlusions caused by glasses, hand gestures, and hairstyles, making it difficult for models to extract effective features and thereby reducing recognition accuracy. Existing methods often employ attention mechanisms to enhance expression-related features, but [...] Read more.
In complex natural scenarios, facial expression recognition often encounters partial occlusions caused by glasses, hand gestures, and hairstyles, making it difficult for models to extract effective features and thereby reducing recognition accuracy. Existing methods often employ attention mechanisms to enhance expression-related features, but they fail to adequately address the issue where high-frequency responses in occluded regions can disperse attention weights (e.g., incorrectly focus on occluded areas), making it challenging to effectively utilize local cues around the occlusions and limiting performance improvement. To address this, this paper proposes a network based on an adaptive attention mechanism (Adaptive Attention Vision Transformer, AA-ViT). First, an Adaptive Attention module (ADA) is designed to dynamically adjust attention scores in occluded regions, enhancing the effective information in features. Next, a Dual-Branch Multi-Layer Perceptron (DB-MLP) replaces the single linear layer to improve feature representation and model classification capability. Additionally, a Random Erasure (RE) strategy is introduced to enhance model robustness. Finally, to address the issue of model training instability caused by class imbalance in the training dataset, a hybrid loss function combining Focal Loss and Cross-Entropy Loss is adopted to ensure training stability. Experimental results show that AA-ViT achieves expression recognition accuracies of 90.66% and 90.01% on the RAF-DB and FERPlus datasets, respectively, representing improvements of 4.58 and 18.9 percentage points over the baseline ViT model, with only a 24.3% increase in parameter count. Compared to existing methods, the proposed approach demonstrates superior performance in occluded facial expression recognition tasks. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop