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Designs
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Battery System Design
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Battery System Design

A special issue of Designs (ISSN 2411-9660). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy System Design".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 12903

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Quanqing Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Automotive Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
Interests: battery reliability analysis; battery health management; battery state estimation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As a new clean energy, batteries have developed rapidly under the current requirements of environmental protection. In recent years, researchers have worked hard to improve the energy density (charge-to-volume ratio), value, safety, environmental impact, and service life of lithium-ion batteries, and are designing entirely new types of batteries. However, the traditional lithium battery technology is close to the bottleneck and the space for further optimization is limited. In order to break through the bottleneck problem of low-energy density of batteries, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research from various aspects, from battery materials to preparation technology, from experiments to simulations. This Special Issue focuses on all the ways and means to improve battery performance. Topics of particular interest include (but are not limited to):

  • Advanced battery materials;
  • Circular battery technologies;
  • Battery life cycle assessment;
  • State-of-health (SOH) estimation;
  • Battery structural reliability and management system;
  • Physics-driven and data-driven prognostics and diagnostics;
  • Fault-tolerant architectures and fault management strategies.

Prof. Dr. Quanqing Yu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Designs is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • battery
  • fuel cell
  • material
  • supercapacitor
  • artificial intelligence
  • machine learning
  • thermal management
  • simulation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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36 pages, 455 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Disassembly Practices for Electric Vehicle Battery Packs: A Narrative Comprehensive Review
by Matteo Beghi, Francesco Braghin and Loris Roveda
Designs 2023, 7(5), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7050109 - 22 Sep 2023
Viewed by 3210
Abstract
In the context of current societal challenges, such as climate neutrality, industry digitization, and circular economy, this paper addresses the importance of improving recycling practices for electric vehicle (EV) battery packs, with a specific focus on lithium–ion batteries (LIBs). To achieve this, the [...] Read more.
In the context of current societal challenges, such as climate neutrality, industry digitization, and circular economy, this paper addresses the importance of improving recycling practices for electric vehicle (EV) battery packs, with a specific focus on lithium–ion batteries (LIBs). To achieve this, the paper conducts a systematic review (using Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science as search engines), considering the last 10 years, to examine existing recycling methods, robotic/collaborative disassembly cells, and associated control techniques. The aim is to provide a comprehensive and detailed review that can serve as a valuable resource for future research in the industrial domain. By analyzing the current state of the field, this review identifies emerging needs and challenges that need to be addressed for the successful implementation of automatic robotic disassembly cells for end-of-life (EOL) electronic products, such as EV LIBs. The findings presented in this paper enhance our understanding of recycling practices and lay the groundwork for more precise research directions in this important area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Battery System Design)
17 pages, 3814 KiB  
Article
LiBAT: A High-Performance AC Battery System for Transport Applications
by Alejandro Cárdenas Miranda, Jan Dahlhaus, Obrad Dordevic, Julia Eckhardt, Victor Faessler, Jean-Marc Le-Peuvedic, Paul Howard Riley and Josef Wasner
Designs 2023, 7(3), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030074 - 12 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1602
Abstract
The paper proposes a novel battery design for high-performance transport applications that is immersion-cooled and switched by a multi-level inverter. Advantages of the proposed AC battery design in terms of weight, modularity, scalability, performance, reliability and safety are presented. To demonstrate the applicability [...] Read more.
The paper proposes a novel battery design for high-performance transport applications that is immersion-cooled and switched by a multi-level inverter. Advantages of the proposed AC battery design in terms of weight, modularity, scalability, performance, reliability and safety are presented. To demonstrate the applicability of the design, an electrically powered glider use case is addressed. The derived battery system is evaluated by means of theoretical analysis, simulation and prototyping. Simulations showed that the used multi-level inverter (MLI) power electronics modules could successfully run the motor without additional power electronics and charge batteries from a 110 V AC source. The prototype implementation with a motor-driven propeller demonstrated power levels of up to 3.3 kW, with a behavior in accordance with simulations. Guidelines to further advance the technology readiness level including control strategies and hardware design were derived to overcome limitations in the prototype realization that could not be addressed within the project budget. Finally, research topics to evaluate additional performance metrics such as efficiency and aging behavior are suggested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Battery System Design)
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20 pages, 3203 KiB  
Article
Testing of a Low-Cost Dry Cell Prototype for Oxyhydrogen Production
by Lisa Bunge, Hugo G. Silva, Pedro L. Cruz and Muriel Iten
Designs 2022, 6(5), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs6050079 - 7 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1623
Abstract
This work aims to study the production of oxyhydrogen gas by a small low-cost prototype consisting of six dry cells. Firstly, a molecular composition study of the gas was carried out, presenting concentrations of 67% H2 and 28% O2. The [...] Read more.
This work aims to study the production of oxyhydrogen gas by a small low-cost prototype consisting of six dry cells. Firstly, a molecular composition study of the gas was carried out, presenting concentrations of 67% H2 and 28% O2. The deviation from the stoichiometric yield is discussed to be caused by water vapor production and/or oxygen dissolution in the liquid phase. Secondly, an efficiency study was done, considering the ratio between the reversible voltage of an electrolytic cell and the voltage applied to the dry cell by an external power source. Different working conditions (electrolyte concentration, 3% (w/w) of KHO and 20% (w/w) of KHO) have been tested to analyze their effect on the efficiency of the system. The results show that a lower electrolyte concentration increases the applied cell voltage, and so the necessary power input for gas production to occur, resulting in lower cell efficiency. Overall, the efficiencies are below 69.8 ± 0.6% for the studied electrolyte concentrations and approach approximately the same value around 50% for higher powers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Battery System Design)
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18 pages, 5722 KiB  
Article
A Numerical Thermal Analysis of a Battery Pack in an Electric Motorbike Application
by Mohammad Shahjalal, Tamanna Shams, Sadat Bin Hossain, Probir Kumar Roy, Arafat Alam Jion, Mominul Ahsan, Jahedul Islam Chowdhury, Md Rishad Ahmed, Syed Bahauddin Alam and Julfikar Haider
Designs 2022, 6(4), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs6040060 - 22 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2861
Abstract
Today, electric driven motorbikes (e-motorbikes) are facing multiple safety, functionality and operating challenges, particularly in hot climatic conditions. One of them is the increasing demand for efficient battery cooling to avoid the potential thermal stability concerns due to extreme temperatures and the conventional [...] Read more.
Today, electric driven motorbikes (e-motorbikes) are facing multiple safety, functionality and operating challenges, particularly in hot climatic conditions. One of them is the increasing demand for efficient battery cooling to avoid the potential thermal stability concerns due to extreme temperatures and the conventional plastic enclosure of the battery pack. A reliable and efficient thermal design can be formulated by accommodating the battery within an appropriate battery housing supported by a cooling configuration. The proposed design includes a battery pack housing made of high conductive materials, such as copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al), with an adequate liquid cooling system. This study first proposes a potted cooling structure for the e-motorbike battery and numerical studies are carried out for a 72 V, 42 Ah battery pack for different ambient temperatures, casing materials, discharge rates, coolant types, and coolant temperatures. Results reveal that up to 53 °C is achievable with only the Cu battery housing material. Further temperature reduction is possible with the help of a liquid cooling system, and in this case, with the use of coolant temperature of 20 °C, the battery temperature can be maintained within 28 °C. The analysis also suggests that the proposed cooling system can keep a safe battery temperature up to a 5C rate. The design was also validated for different accelerated driving scenarios. The proposed conceptual design could be exploited in future e-motorbike battery cooling for optimum thermal stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Battery System Design)
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Review

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24 pages, 15109 KiB  
Review
Advanced Thermal Management Systems for High-Power Lithium-Ion Capacitors: A Comprehensive Review
by Danial Karimi, Hamidreza Behi, Joeri Van Mierlo and Maitane Berecibar
Designs 2022, 6(3), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs6030053 - 9 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2863
Abstract
The acceleration demand from the driver in electric vehicles (EVs) should be supported by high-power energy storage systems (ESSs). In order to satisfy the driver’s request, the employed ESS should have high power densities. On the other hand, high energy densities are required [...] Read more.
The acceleration demand from the driver in electric vehicles (EVs) should be supported by high-power energy storage systems (ESSs). In order to satisfy the driver’s request, the employed ESS should have high power densities. On the other hand, high energy densities are required at the same time for EVs’ traction to minimize the range anxiety. In this context, a novel ESS has emerged that can provide high power and energy densities at the same time. Such technology is called lithium-ion capacitor (LiC), which employs Li-doped carbon as negative electrode and activated carbon as positive electrode. However, high heat generation in high current applications is an issue that should be managed to extend the LiCs life span. Hence, a proper thermal management system (TMS) is mandatory for such a hybrid technology. Since this ESS is novel, there are only several TMSs addressed for LiCs. In this review article, a literature study regarding the developed TMSs for LiCs is presented. Since LiCs use Li-doped carbon in their negative electrodes, lithium-titanate oxide (LTO) batteries are the most similar lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) to LiCs. Therefore, the proposed TMSs for lithium-ion batteries, especially LTO batteries, have been explained as well. The investigated TMSs are active, passive, and hybrid cooling methods The proposed TMSs have been classified in three different sections, including active methods, passive methods, and hybrid methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Battery System Design)
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