Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
3.6
2.7
Journals
Crystals
Special Issues
Nitrogen-Rich Salts
share announcement

Nitrogen-Rich Salts

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2015) | Viewed by 24938

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gerhard Laus

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Interests: heterocyclic chemistry, ionic liquids, NMR spectroscopy, nitrogen-rich salts, hydrogen bonding, halogen interactions in the solid state.

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The designability of salts (choice of cations and anions, functional groups) provides ample opportunities for tailoring their properties. Highly energetic salts are obtained when both the cation and the anion are nitrogen-rich species. These salts possess advantages over non-ionic energetic molecules due to their lower vapor pressures and higher densities. They often exhibit enhanced thermal stability. From the viewpoint of practical applications, these features allow the development of new generations of materials. Nitrogen-rich metal salts have potential as precursors of functional materials, for example in the synthesis of low-density, nanoporous metal foams. In any case, the structural characterization of these versatile salts by X-ray diffraction can be expected to reveal intriguing and gratifying results. Even serendipitous discoveries inspire stimulatory feedback for the understanding and designing of energetic materials. In this context, phlegmatization is another relevant field of interest. The current volume ‘Nitrogen-Rich Salts’ provides a unique forum allowing the dissemination of results in the entire field. Scientists working in a broader sense on nitrogen-rich salts are invited to use this opportunity for presenting their suitable contributions.

The topics summarized under the keywords should be considered only as guidelines. The volume is open for any advanced topics in the field of Nitrogen-Rich Salts.

Dr. Gerhard Laus
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • energetic salts
  • propellants
  • explosives
  • gas generators
  • thermal stability
  • technical applications
  • materials science
  • phlegmatization

Published Papers (5 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

2063 KiB  
Article
2-Azidoimidazolium Ions Captured by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Azole-Substituted Triazatrimethine Cyanines
by Simone Haslinger, Gerhard Laus, Volker Kahlenberg, Klaus Wurst, Thomas Bechtold, Stefan Vergeiner and Herwig Schottenberger
Crystals 2016, 6(4), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6040040 - 08 Apr 2016
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4678
Abstract
1,3-Disubstituted 2-azidoimidazolium salts (substituents = methyl, methoxy; anion = PF6) reacted with N-heterocyclic carbenes to yield yellow 2-(1-(azolinylidene)triazen-3-yl)-1,3-R2-imidazolium salts (azole = 1,3-dimethylimidazole, 1,3-dimethoxyimidazole, 4-dimethylamino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole; R = methyl, methoxy; anion = PF6). Crystal structures of three cationic [...] Read more.
1,3-Disubstituted 2-azidoimidazolium salts (substituents = methyl, methoxy; anion = PF6) reacted with N-heterocyclic carbenes to yield yellow 2-(1-(azolinylidene)triazen-3-yl)-1,3-R2-imidazolium salts (azole = 1,3-dimethylimidazole, 1,3-dimethoxyimidazole, 4-dimethylamino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole; R = methyl, methoxy; anion = PF6). Crystal structures of three cationic triazenes were determined. Numerous interionic C–H···F contacts were observed. Solvatochromism of the triazenes in polar solvents was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, involving the dipolarity π* and hydrogen-bond donor acidity α of the solvent. Cyclovoltammetry showed irreversible reduction of the cations to uncharged radicals. Thermoanalysis showed exothermal decomposition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen-Rich Salts)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

2297 KiB  
Article
Preparation, Crystal and Properties of Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Salt of Bis(semicarbazide) 5,5′-Bitetrazole-1,1′-diolate
by Zhi-Bin Zhang, Lei Yin, Xin Yin and Jian-Guo Zhang
Crystals 2016, 6(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6020021 - 06 Feb 2016
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4462
Abstract
A novel energetic salt of Bis(semicarbazide) 5,5′-bitetrazole-1,1′-diolate [2(SCZ)·BTO] was synthesized by using semicarbazide hydrochloride and 1H,1’H-5,5’-bitetrazole-1,1’-diol (BTO) as raw materials, and its structure was characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy, 13C NMR spectrum and [...] Read more.
A novel energetic salt of Bis(semicarbazide) 5,5′-bitetrazole-1,1′-diolate [2(SCZ)·BTO] was synthesized by using semicarbazide hydrochloride and 1H,1’H-5,5’-bitetrazole-1,1’-diol (BTO) as raw materials, and its structure was characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy, 13C NMR spectrum and mass spectrum. The single crystal of the title salt was obtained and its structure was determined by an X-ray single-crystal diffractometer. Results show that 2(SCZ)·BTO belongs to the monoclinic space group P21/c with a density of 1.685 g·cm−3. The thermal decomposition behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) analyses, and non-isothermal kinetic parameters were also calculated. The results indicated that it has a good thermal stability with a decomposition temperature above 200 °C. The apparent activation energies were 231.2 kJ·mol−1 (Kissinger's method) and 228.1 kJ·mol−1 (Ozawa-Doyle's method), respectively, and the critical temperature of thermal explosion is 240.6 °C. The enthalpy of formation for the salt was calculated as 158.1 kJ·mol−1. The detonation pressure (P) and detonation velocities (D) of the salt were determined by using the Kamlet-Jacobs equation. The results indicated that the title salt has potential applications in the field of energetic materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen-Rich Salts)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

9682 KiB  
Article
5-Azido-4-dimethylamino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium Hexafluoridophosphate and Derivatives
by Gerhard Laus, Volker Kahlenberg and Herwig Schottenberger
Crystals 2016, 6(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6020020 - 05 Feb 2016
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4999
Abstract
5-Azido-4-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium hexafluoridophosphate was synthesized from the corresponding 5-bromo compound with NaN3. Reaction with bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene yielded a tricyclic aziridine, addition of an N-heterocyclic carbene resulted in a triazatrimethine cyanine, and reduction with triphenylphosphane gave the 5-amino derivative. The crystal structures of [...] Read more.
5-Azido-4-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium hexafluoridophosphate was synthesized from the corresponding 5-bromo compound with NaN3. Reaction with bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene yielded a tricyclic aziridine, addition of an N-heterocyclic carbene resulted in a triazatrimethine cyanine, and reduction with triphenylphosphane gave the 5-amino derivative. The crystal structures of three nitrogen-rich salts were determined. Thermoanalysis of the cationic azide and triazene showed exothermal decomposition. The triazene exhibited negative solvatochromism in polar solvents involving the dipolarity π* and hydrogen-bond donor acidity α of the solvent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen-Rich Salts)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

1570 KiB  
Article
Crystal Structures of Two 1,4-Diamino-1,2,4-triazolium Salts
by Gerhard Laus, Klaus Wurst, Volker Kahlenberg and Herwig Schottenberger
Crystals 2016, 6(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6010013 - 20 Jan 2016
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4800
Abstract
Bis(1,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium) sulfate (1) was obtained from the corresponding chloride by ion metathesis using Ag2SO4. Further metathesis with barium 5,5′-azotetrazolate yielded bis(1,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium) 5,5′-azotetrazolate (2). Numerous NH···N and NH···O interactions were identified in the crystal structures of [...] Read more.
Bis(1,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium) sulfate (1) was obtained from the corresponding chloride by ion metathesis using Ag2SO4. Further metathesis with barium 5,5′-azotetrazolate yielded bis(1,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium) 5,5′-azotetrazolate (2). Numerous NH···N and NH···O interactions were identified in the crystal structures of 1 and 2. Both compounds undergo exothermal decomposition upon heating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen-Rich Salts)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

4623 KiB  
Article
Electrostatic Potentials, Intralattice Attractive Forces and Crystal Densities of Nitrogen-Rich C,H,N,O Salts
by Peter Politzer, Pat Lane and Jane S. Murray
Crystals 2016, 6(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst6010007 - 04 Jan 2016
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5424
Abstract
The computed electrostatic potentials on C,H,N,O molecular solids and nitrogen-rich C,H,N,O salts are used in analyzing and comparing intralattice attractive forces and crystal densities in these two categories of compounds. Nitrogen-rich C,H,N,O salts are not an assured path to high densities. To increase [...] Read more.
The computed electrostatic potentials on C,H,N,O molecular solids and nitrogen-rich C,H,N,O salts are used in analyzing and comparing intralattice attractive forces and crystal densities in these two categories of compounds. Nitrogen-rich C,H,N,O salts are not an assured path to high densities. To increase the likelihood of high densities, small cations and large anions are suggested. Caution is recommended in predicting benefits of nitrogen-richness for explosive compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen-Rich Salts)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-5
Back to TopTop