Functional Thin Films: Growth, Characterization, and Applications

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 April 2026 | Viewed by 744

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, Poland
2. Łukasiewicz Research Network–PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
Interests: thin-films; surface science; 2D materials; PVD; MBE
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Łukasiewicz Research Network–PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
Interests: GaN-based materials; van der Waals crystals; MXene; photoelectron spectroscopies; epitaxy; atomic force microscopy; hall effect measurements

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Functional, as well as functionalized, thin films represent one of the most dynamic areas of modern materials science. By enabling the precise tailoring of electronic, optical, magnetic, mechanical, and chemical properties, they open pathways to highly specialized applications. These films are increasingly utilized in energy harvesting and storage, catalysis, sensors, protective coatings, biomedical devices, advanced optoelectronics, and more.

The development of such thin films requires not only novel material design, fabrication strategies, and deposition methods tailored to the film type, but also advanced characterization techniques to understand their structure–property relationships.

The objective of this Special Issue is to collect high-quality research and review articles focusing on the design, fabrication, deposition, characterization, and application of functionalized thin films.

Contributions may address, but are not limited to:

  • Functional and functionalized films of various material types with different electronic conductivity, including metals, semiconductors, insulators, and others;
  • Two-dimensional layered materials, MXenes, polymers, and hybrid thin films;
  • Deposition of 2D and 3D layers;
  • Novel deposition and functionalization techniques;
  • Surface functionalization and interface engineering;
  • Computational approaches for predicting thin film and heterostructure properties;
  • Thin films and devices for applications in energy conversion and storage, sensing, catalysis, and biomedicine.

We warmly invite you to contribute to this Special Issue and share your latest research results with the broader community working on functional thin film materials.

Dr. Miłosz Grodzicki
Dr. Dominika Majchrzak
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • functional and functionalized thin films
  • thin film growth and fabrication
  • 2D materials and layered structures
  • thin film characterization techniques
  • modeling and simulations of thin films
  • surface modification and interface engineering
  • functional thin films for catalysis, electronics, optics, sensors, coatings, biotechnology, medicine and micromechanical applications

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 3143 KB  
Article
Influence of Deposition Temperature on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Cr/Ni Co-Doped Diamond-like Carbon Films
by Hassan Zhairabany, Hesam Khaksar, Edgars Vanags, Anatolijs Šarakovskis, Enrico Gnecco and Liutauras Marcinauskas
Crystals 2026, 16(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16010052 - 12 Jan 2026
Viewed by 148
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the influence of sputtering temperature on the bonding structure and properties of non-hydrogenated chromium/nickel co-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films synthesized via direct current magnetron sputtering. The Cr/Ni doping levels in the coatings were regulated by varying the shield [...] Read more.
This study aimed to examine the influence of sputtering temperature on the bonding structure and properties of non-hydrogenated chromium/nickel co-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films synthesized via direct current magnetron sputtering. The Cr/Ni doping levels in the coatings were regulated by varying the shield opening above a chromium-nickel (20/80 at.%) target, resulting in a total metal co-doping concentration ranging from 6.1 to 8.9 at.%. The thickness of the Cr/Ni-DLC films ranged from 160 to 180 nm. Meanwhile, the deposition temperatures of 185 °C and 235 °C were achieved by adjusting the substrate-to-target distance. The XPS and Raman spectroscopy results indicated enhanced graphitization of the Cr/Ni-DLC films with a decrease in the synthesis temperature. XPS results indicated the formation of carbon-oxide and metal-oxide bonds, with no evidence of metal carbide formation in the doped DLC films. Furthermore, both the nanohardness and Young’s modulus demonstrated significant improvement, while the friction coefficient was reduced more than twice as the deposition temperature increased. These findings provide valuable insights into the influence of deposition temperature on Cr/Ni co-doped DLC films, highlighting their potential as advanced functional coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Thin Films: Growth, Characterization, and Applications)
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15 pages, 3439 KB  
Article
Photocatalytic Properties of Sol–Gel Films Influenced by Aging Time for Cefuroxime Decomposition
by Nina Kaneva
Crystals 2026, 16(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16010008 - 23 Dec 2025
Viewed by 258
Abstract
Dip-coating and sol–gel techniques are used to apply ZnO sol–gel films to glass substrates. The primary ingredient used to produce the film is zinc acetate dihydrate. The ZnO sample is prepared for 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 days. To deposit [...] Read more.
Dip-coating and sol–gel techniques are used to apply ZnO sol–gel films to glass substrates. The primary ingredient used to produce the film is zinc acetate dihydrate. The ZnO sample is prepared for 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 days. To deposit nanocrystalline thin films, several gels are used. The films’ structural and photocatalytic properties are examined in relation to the ZnO solid’s aging time. UV–vis spectroscopy is used to evaluate the catalytic degradation of the antibiotic cefuroxime (CFX) in tap and distilled water, taking into account the initial solution’s aging duration. Every experiment is carried out under ultraviolet light illumination. These findings demonstrate that ZnO’s photocatalytic activity generally prolongs the initial solution. When compared to freshly prepared films, films made from a ZnO sample for 30 days showed the highest photocatalytic degradation of the medication under UV light. Overall, the photocatalytic activity of ZnO is increased by increasing the aging time of the starting solution. All samples and the photocatalytic test findings are reproducible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Thin Films: Growth, Characterization, and Applications)
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