From Processing to Performance: Microstructure Engineering in Advanced Metallic Alloys

A Special Issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352) belonging to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 October 2026 | Viewed by 1409

Editors


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Guest Editor
UCLouvain, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering (iMMC), IMAP, Place Sainte Barbe 2, 1348 Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
Interests: alloy design; materials sustainability; alloy processing; characterisation; strain hardening; fracture toughness; high-entropy alloys; steels; cryogenic temperature

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples, Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: mechanical properties; mechanical testing; metal forming; plasticity; processing of materials; additive manufacturing; metal cutting
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern metallic materials must satisfy ever-higher levels of mechanical performance while simultaneously addressing emerging constraints related to sustainability, resource efficiency, ethical sourcing of raw materials, and manufacturability. Meeting these competing demands necessitates deeper integration of alloy design, processing strategies, and microstructure engineering.

This Issue focuses on recent advances in processing-enabled microstructure engineering of advanced metallic alloys and the resulting impact on mechanical performance. Emphasis is placed on the thermomechanical processing routes that link microstructure engineering directly to deformation and hardening behaviours. Control over phase stability, grain size and morphology, defect structures, and microstructural heterogeneity enables the tuning of dislocation plasticity, transformation- and twinning-induced hardening, and secondary phase precipitation.

Contributions addressing a wide range of alloy systems (advanced steels, high-entropy alloys, nickel-based superalloys, high-performance aluminium alloys, etc.) are welcome. Experimental, computational, and integrated approaches combining advanced characterisation, in situ techniques, and structure–property modelling are encouraged. By linking processing routes to microstructural evolution and mechanical response, this Special Issue aims to highlight emerging design strategies and identify critical challenges for the next generation of high-performance, sustainable metallic alloys.

Dr. Antoine Hilhorst
Dr. Umberto Prisco
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • alloy design
  • thermomechanical processing
  • phase transformations
  • deformation mechanisms
  • structure–property relationships
  • high-performance alloys
  • mechanical properties

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 13457 KB  
Article
Phase Transformation and Hydrogen Embrittlement Assessment in Pre-Strained 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheets
by Stavroula Maritsa, Maciej Szczerba, Magdalena Bieda, Joanna Wojewoda-Budka, Theodore Steriotis, Christos Tampaxis and Anna D. Zervaki
Crystals 2026, 16(6), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16060385 - 11 Jun 2026
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Abstract
Marine transportation and storage of liquid hydrogen (LH2) has gained increasing interest, while potential LH2 membrane-type tanks could utilize 316L corrugated austenitic stainless-steel sheets. The corrugation process results in a strain-induced martensitic transformation in the material, introducing rapid diffusion pathways for hydrogen atoms [...] Read more.
Marine transportation and storage of liquid hydrogen (LH2) has gained increasing interest, while potential LH2 membrane-type tanks could utilize 316L corrugated austenitic stainless-steel sheets. The corrugation process results in a strain-induced martensitic transformation in the material, introducing rapid diffusion pathways for hydrogen atoms and promoting the formation of hydrogen-trapping sites that alter hydrogen transport and reduce the material’s resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. In this study, 316L sheets were subjected to different levels of uniaxial pre-strain (10, 20, 30, and 40%) with two different strain-rates, to replicate the varying degrees of pre-deformation caused by the corrugation. Microstructural analysis using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) combined with quantitative phase analysis using the Rietveld Method on XRD data, provided valuable insights into the induced phase transformations. Cathodic hydrogen charging method was implemented on as-received and pre-strained material, followed by slow strain rate tensile testing (SSRT) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) to examine the hydrogen effect on each condition. Experimental results indicated that although 316L exhibits considerable phase stability, it undergoes strain-induced phase transformation resulting in a significant amount of martensite, reaching 5% in the 40% pre-strained condition. Pre-deformation increased hydrogen embrittlement, as evidenced by fractographic analysis which indicated a Relative Reduction of Area (RRA) of 0.83, and by increased hydrogen uptake. These findings contribute to a better understanding of phase transformations and the role of hydrogen in austenitic stainless steels. Full article
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