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Crystals
Special Issues
Thermal and Thermomechanical Post-processing of Additively Manufactured Parts
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Thermal and Thermomechanical Post-processing of Additively Manufactured Parts

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 2087

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Aliakbar Emdadi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physical Metallurgy and Materials Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 03044 Cottbus, Germany
Interests: physical metallurgy; metal additive manufacturing; high-temperature materials; hot deformation; mechanical testing
Prof. Dr. Sabine Weiß

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physical Metallurgy and Materials Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 03044 Cottbus, Germany
Interests: material characterization; material testing; surface technology; material processing; mechanical properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

State-of-the-art metal additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, allows for the fabrication of complex, near-net-shape geometries and the realization of more efficient and lightweight designs, more sustainable part manufacturing, rapid prototyping, and reduced machining costs. Despite the many advantages of AM methods, metal parts produced by AM generally do not achieve the same structural integrity and mechanical properties of wrought parts due to the development of high residual stresses and, possibly, the formation of detrimental phases and defects. In addition to optimizing the AM process conditions, post-processing operations, including thermal and thermomechanical treatments, are often employed to relieve the residual stresses, refine the microstructure, and improve the quality and properties of metallic parts produced by AM.

This Special Issue aims to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to publish their experimental and theoretical results on post-processing for additive manufacturing and to contribute to the quality improvements and rapid application of additively manufactured parts. It is our pleasure to invite you to submit your contributions with a special focus on:

  • Cold working and annealing;
  • Heat treatment;
  • Thermomechanical treatment (including warm/hot deformation and hot isostatic pressing);
  • Laser post-processing;
  • Hybrid post-processing routes combining additive and subtractive operations;
  • Porosity and microstructure evolution (grain size and texture) during post-processing;
  • Variations in mechanical and functional properties after post-processing;
  • Sustainability issues in post-processing.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Aliakbar Emdadi
Prof. Dr. Sabine Weiß
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metal additive manufacturing (AM)
  • post-processing (thermal, thermomechanical, laser, and hybrid)
  • phase transformations
  • porosity closure behavior
  • grain refinement
  • texture evolution
  • static and dynamic restoration processes
  • microstructural characterization
  • mechanical and functional properties
  • sustainability in post-processing

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 33741 KiB  
Article
Hot Working of an Fe-25Al-1.5Ta Alloy Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
by Aliakbar Emdadi, Sebastian Bolz and Sabine Weiß
Crystals 2023, 13(9), 1335; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091335 - 31 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 731
Abstract
In the present work, hot working was used as a post-processing method for Fe-25Al-1.5Ta (at.%) alloy built using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) to refine the undesirable columnar microstructure with heterogeneous grain sizes and strong textures in the build direction. The hot deformation [...] Read more.
In the present work, hot working was used as a post-processing method for Fe-25Al-1.5Ta (at.%) alloy built using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) to refine the undesirable columnar microstructure with heterogeneous grain sizes and strong textures in the build direction. The hot deformation behavior and workability were investigated using constitutive modeling and the concept of processing maps. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted up to a true strain of 0.8 at 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C with strain rates of 0.0013 s−1, 0.01 s−1, and 0.1 s−1. The constitutive equations were derived to describe the flow stress–strain behavior in relation to the Zener–Hollomon parameter. Processing maps based on a dynamic materials model were plotted to evaluate the hot workability and to determine the optimal processing window as well as the active deformation mechanisms. The microstructure of the deformed specimens was characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction detector. The results indicated a high degree of hot workability of the LPBF builds without flow instabilities over the entire deformation range tested. The epitaxially elongated grains of the as-built alloys were significantly refined after deformation through dynamic softening processes, and the porosity was reduced due to compressive deformation. The current study revealed a well-suited parameter range of 1000–1080 °C/0.004–0.012 s−1 for the safe and efficient deformation of the LPBF-fabricated Fe-25Al-1.5Ta alloys. The effectiveness of the process combination of LPBF with subsequent hot forming could be verified with regard to microstructure refinement and porosity reduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal and Thermomechanical Post-processing of Additively Manufactured Parts)
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11 pages, 8676 KiB  
Article
Manufacturing and Thermal Shock Resistance of 3D-Printed Porous Black Zirconia for Concentrated Solar Applications
by Fernando Almeida Costa Oliveira, Manuel Sardinha, José Galindo, José Rodríguez, Inmaculada Cañadas, Marco Leite and Jorge Cruz Fernandes
Crystals 2023, 13(9), 1323; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091323 - 29 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1050
Abstract
A novel approach for manufacturing porous materials, foreseen as solar receivers for concentrated sun radiation, used in the power tower technology is presented. In such applications, materials are subjected to steep thermal gradients and thousands of cycles. Yet, materials consisting of honeycombs and [...] Read more.
A novel approach for manufacturing porous materials, foreseen as solar receivers for concentrated sun radiation, used in the power tower technology is presented. In such applications, materials are subjected to steep thermal gradients and thousands of cycles. Yet, materials consisting of honeycombs and ceramic foams showed insufficient thermal performance. By using the fused filament fabrication process, one can design printed parts meeting the requirements for solar receivers, namely dark color and high solar absorptance. This exploratory study unveils data on the retained crushing strength of newly developed 3D-printed porous Black Zirconia cubes after thermal cycling under similar conditions to those experienced by volumetric receivers and catalyst substrates for solar fuels (H2 and/or CO) production via the thermochemical cycle. Unlike dense ceramics, the resistance to thermal shock of 3D-printed cubes underwent a gradual decrease with the increase in the thermal gradient. The thermal shock cycles were performed between 800 °C and 1100, 1200, and 1300 °C, corresponding to a ΔT of 300, 400, and 500 K, respectively. Additionally, water quenching tests were performed at ΔT = 300 K up to 400 K. Crushing strength measurements carried out to evaluate the retained mechanical strength after exposure up to 100 cycles showed that the Black Zirconia cubes can withstand thermal gradients up to at least 400 K. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal and Thermomechanical Post-processing of Additively Manufactured Parts)
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