Single-Crystalline Composite Materials (Second Edition)

A Special Issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352) belonging to the section "Hybrid and Composite Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2025) | Viewed by 6036

Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 1a 75 Pułku Piechoty St., 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
Interests: superalloys; single crystals; X-ray topography; directional solidification
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Guest Editor
Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
Interests: superalloy; microstructure; mechanical property
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 264209, China
Interests: piezoelectric ceramics; ferroelectric films; ferroelectric single crystals; ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

“Single-Crystalline Composite Materials (Second Edition)” continues the work of the previous Special Issue of Crystals, reporting the novelties involved in producing and applying various single-crystalline composites and new testing methods. This forthcoming second edition of this Special Issue will focus on recent innovative and pioneering works on single-crystalline composite materials and their production and examination, as well as the development of crystallization and research methods.

Single-crystalline composite materials are widely used in the modern aerospace, automotive, energy, and electronic industries. Despite the often-higher costs of obtaining products made of them, they are characterized by unique properties, distinguishing them from other materials. The properties of single-crystalline composite materials depend largely on the type and concentration of defects created in the final product. The defect structures—formed during crystallization and after potential subsequent material processing, e.g., heat treatment—can be influenced by many factors: the production technology used, the geometry of the final product, the types and amounts of dopants, etc.

The above issues, combined with the need to produce single-crystalline composites with new, different, and better properties, make it necessary to study the defect structures used for the development of existing crystal properties and creation of new ones, as well as for the modification of the parameters of their production. The results presented in the second edition of this Special Issue and the previously published first edition should represent an interesting collection of papers on different aspects of the production, processing, and properties of single-crystalline composite materials.

Dr. Jacek Krawczyk
Prof. Dr. Wlodzimierz Bogdanowicz
Prof. Dr. Limei Zheng
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • single crystals
  • composites
  • crystallization
  • structural defects
  • testing methods

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2298 KB  
Article
Seed-Layer-Assisted Liquid-Phase Epitaxial Growth of YIG Films on Single-Crystal Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Substrates: Evidence for Enhancement in Strain-Induced Anisotropy
by Chaitrali Kshirsagar, Rao Bidthanapally, Ying Liu, Peng Zhou, Sahana Mukund, Aruna Bidthanapally, Hongwei Qu, Deepa Xavier, Subhabrat Samantaray, Venkatachalam Subramanian, Michael R. Page and Gopalan Srinivasan
Crystals 2025, 15(11), 953; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15110953 - 4 Nov 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1559
Abstract
Epitaxial thick films of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) are ideal for use in microwave devices due to their low losses at high frequencies. This report is on the growth of strain-engineered YIG films by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) on yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) substrates [...] Read more.
Epitaxial thick films of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) are ideal for use in microwave devices due to their low losses at high frequencies. This report is on the growth of strain-engineered YIG films by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) on yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) substrates with −3% lattice mismatch with YIG. Since the use of a lattice-matched substrate is preferred for LPE growths, a seed layer of YIG, 370–400 nm in thickness, was deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on (100), (110), and (111) YAG substrates. The seed layers were stoichiometric with magnetic parameters in agreement with the parameters for bulk single-crystal YIG and with strain-induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field Ha = 0.19–0.43 kOe. YIG films, 4 to 8.4 μm in thickness, were grown by LPE at 870 °C on YAG substrates with the seed layers using the PbO+B2O3 flux and annealed in air at 1000 °C. The films were Y-rich and Fe-deficient and confirmed to be epitaxial single crystals by X-ray diffraction. The saturation magnetization 4πMs at room temperature was rather high and ranged from 1.9 kG to 2.3 kG. Ferromagnetic resonance at 5–15 GHz showed the absence of significant magneto-crystalline anisotropy in the LPE films with the line-width ΔH in the range 85–160 Oe, and Ha = 0.27–0.80 kOe which is much higher than for the seed layers. The high magnetization and Ha-values for the LPE films could be partially attributed to the off-stoichiometry. Although the strain due to the film–substrate lattice mismatch contributes to Ha, the mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficients for YIG and YAG is also a likely cause of Ha due to the high growth and annealing temperatures. The LPE-grown YIG films with high strain-induced anisotropy fields have the potential for use in self-biased microwave devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single-Crystalline Composite Materials (Second Edition))
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Review

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20 pages, 6562 KB  
Review
Voltage Control of Exchange Bias via Magneto-Ionic Approaches
by Yifu Luo, Shengsheng Liu, Yuxin Li, Zhen Wang, Jie Zhang and Limei Zheng
Crystals 2025, 15(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15010077 - 14 Jan 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3704
Abstract
The exchange bias (EB) effect denotes a magnetic bias phenomenon originating from the interfacial exchange coupling at the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic materials, which plays an indispensable role in the functionality of various devices, such as magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) and sensors. Voltage control of exchange [...] Read more.
The exchange bias (EB) effect denotes a magnetic bias phenomenon originating from the interfacial exchange coupling at the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic materials, which plays an indispensable role in the functionality of various devices, such as magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) and sensors. Voltage control of exchange bias offers a promising pathway to significantly reduce device power consumption, effectively fostering the evolution of low-energy spintronic devices. The “magneto-ionic” mechanism, characterized by its operational efficiency, low energy consumption, reversibility, and non-volatility, provides innovative approaches for voltage control of exchange bias and has led to a series of significant advancements. This review systematically synthesizes the research progress on voltage control of exchange bias based on the magneto-ionic mechanism from the perspectives of ionic species, material systems, underlying mechanisms, and performance parameters. Furthermore, it undertakes a comparative evaluation of the voltage-controlled exchange bias by different ions, ultimately providing a forward-looking perspective on the future trajectory of this research domain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Single-Crystalline Composite Materials (Second Edition))
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