Advances in Augmented and Mixed Reality to the Industry 4.0

A special issue of Computers (ISSN 2073-431X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 11056

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
CEIT and TECNUN (Technological campus of the University of Navarra), San Sebastián, Spain
Interests: virtual reality; augmented reality; industrial vision

Special Issue Information

Since the origins of Augmented Reality (AR), industry has always been one of its prominent application domains. Recent advances in both portable and wearable AR devices and the new challenges introduced by the fourth industrial revolution (renowned as industry 4.0) have further enlarged the applicability of AR to improve productiveness and to enhance user experience.

The emergence of new technologies, including Industry 4.0, has spawned a new generation of connected, robotic, and smart factories. With the digital revolution, the boundaries between the physical and digital world are shrinking, giving life to an interconnected 4.0 factory where employees, machines, and products closely interact. The last twenty years have witnessed great advances in research and innovation in virtual reality (VR) and AR environments.

Industrial applications of Augmented Reality are transforming the way new products are designed, bringing new possibilities. Overall, the application of AR to the industry domain is relevant since it greatly improves communication in product design and production development. The direct benefits are an optimization of handling and operation times, a proper use of materials, and an execution of the right task at the right time. It helps to identify and avoid design errors in early stages of the development process, and it reduces the number of physical prototypes and saves time and cost for enterprises. AR is considered as a valuable tool for improving and accelerating product and process development in many industrial applications.

In summary, this Special Issue is an opportunity for the scientific community to present recent research regarding Augmented Reality for the Industry 4.0.

Dr. Diego Borro
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • virtual reality
  • augmented reality
  • mixed reality
  • Industry 4.0
  • interaction
  • tracking
  • SLAM

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1912 KiB  
Article
Applying Web Augmented Reality to Unexplosive Ordnance Risk Education
by Harith A. Hussein, Qabas A. Hameed, Reem D. Ismael, Mustafa Zuhaer Nayef Al-Dabagh and Moudher Khalid Abdalhammed
Computers 2023, 12(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12020031 - 1 Feb 2023
Viewed by 2081
Abstract
Unexploded Ordnances (UXOs) are considered a global concern and a persistent hazard due to their capability to endanger civilians and the place where they are located, and the probability of remaining active explosives even after decades of ending a conflict. Hence, risk education [...] Read more.
Unexploded Ordnances (UXOs) are considered a global concern and a persistent hazard due to their capability to endanger civilians and the place where they are located, and the probability of remaining active explosives even after decades of ending a conflict. Hence, risk education is crucial for providing individuals with life-saving knowledge on recognizing, avoiding, and reporting UXO threats. The main objective of this study is to develop a web augmented reality (AR) application to investigate the effect of WAR on non-explosive ordnance risk education. Firstly, UXO 3D models are edited and constructed using the Blender 3D computer graphics software. Secondly, the proposed web AR application is developed using MindAR JavaScript-based library. Finally, the web application QR code and UXO Hiro codes are printed on infographics and brochures to be distributed to secondary school students aged 12 to 18 at six public and private schools in Tikrit City, Salah al-Din governorate, Iraq. Survey questions are validated and distributed to be collected from 137 respondents. The present study shows that the proposed web AR application increased respondents’ information in identifying UXO by 54.7%. Approximately 70% of respondents use the Internet for more than 3 h daily. Institutions should use new risk education methods in line with the tremendous technological growth and invest students’ knowledge and time in this field. Better risk education teaching methods can save lives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Augmented and Mixed Reality to the Industry 4.0)
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21 pages, 8319 KiB  
Article
UXO-AID: A New UXO Classification Application Based on Augmented Reality to Assist Deminers
by Qabas A. Hameed, Harith A. Hussein, Mohamed A. Ahmed, Mahmood M. Salih, Reem D. Ismael and Mohammed Basim Omar
Computers 2022, 11(8), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11080124 - 19 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3023
Abstract
Unexploded ordnance (UXO) is a worldwide problem and a long-term hazard because of its ability to harm humanity by remaining active and destructive decades after a conflict has concluded. In addition, the current UXO clearance methods mainly involve manual clearance and depend on [...] Read more.
Unexploded ordnance (UXO) is a worldwide problem and a long-term hazard because of its ability to harm humanity by remaining active and destructive decades after a conflict has concluded. In addition, the current UXO clearance methods mainly involve manual clearance and depend on the deminer’s experience. However, this approach has a high misclassification rate, which increases the likelihood of an explosion ending the deminer’s life. This study proposes a new approach to identifying the UXO based on augmented reality technology. The methodology is presented based on two phases. Firstly, a new dataset of UXO samples is created by printing 3D samples and building a 3D model of the object data file with accurate data for 3D printed samples. Secondly, the development of the UXO-AID mobile application prototype, which is based on augmented reality technology, is provided. The proposed prototype was evaluated and tested with different methods. The prototype’s performance was measured at different light intensities and distances for testing. The testing results revealed that the application could successfully perform in excellent and moderate lighting with a distance of 10 to 30 cm. As for recognition accuracy, the overall recognition success rate of reached 82.5%, as the disparity in the number of features of each object affected the accuracy of object recognition. Additionally, the application’s ability to support deminers was assessed through a usability questionnaire submitted by 20 deminers. The questionnaire was based on three factors: satisfaction, effectiveness, and efficiency. The proposed UXO-AID mobile application prototype supports deminers to classify the UXO accurately and in real time, reducing the cognitive load of complex tasks. UXO-AID is simple to use, requires no prior training, and takes advantage of the wide availability of mobile devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Augmented and Mixed Reality to the Industry 4.0)
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20 pages, 1608 KiB  
Article
An Integrated Mobile Augmented Reality Digital Twin Monitoring System
by F. He, S. K. Ong and A. Y. C. Nee
Computers 2021, 10(8), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10080099 - 12 Aug 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5194
Abstract
The increasing digitalization and advancement in information communication technologies has greatly changed how humans interact with digital information. Nowadays, it is not sufficient to only display relevant data in production activities, as the enormous amount of data generated from smart devices can overwhelm [...] Read more.
The increasing digitalization and advancement in information communication technologies has greatly changed how humans interact with digital information. Nowadays, it is not sufficient to only display relevant data in production activities, as the enormous amount of data generated from smart devices can overwhelm operators without being fully utilized. Operators often require extensive knowledge of the machines in use to make informed decisions during processes such as maintenance and production. To enable novice operators to access such knowledge, it is important to reinvent the way of interacting with digitally enhanced smart devices. In this research, a mobile augmented reality remote monitoring system is proposed to help operators with low knowledge and experience level comprehend digital twin data of a device and interact with the device. It analyses both historic logs as well as real-time data through a cloud server and enriches 2D data with 3D models and animations in the 3D physical space. A cloud-based machine learning algorithm is applied to transform learned knowledge into live presentations on a mobile device for users to interact with. A scaled-down case study is conducted using a tower crane model to demonstrate the potential benefits as well as implications when the system is deployed in industrial environments. This user study verifies that the proposed solution yields consistent measurable improvements for novice users in human-device interaction that is statistically significant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Augmented and Mixed Reality to the Industry 4.0)
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