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Clean Technol.
Special Issues
Advances in Lithium Ion Batteries
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Advances in Lithium Ion Batteries

A special issue of Clean Technologies (ISSN 2571-8797).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 23393

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Masoud Baghernejad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
Interests: interface/interphase in lithium-based batteries; in situ operando vibrational spectroscopy; lithium-ion batteries; potentiometric bio-sensors; electro-analytical chemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The existing issues of climate change, pollution, and finite sources of fossil fuels demand the integration of renewable energy sources. However, the assimilation of fluctuating renewable sources into a sustainable electricity grid requires innovative energy-storage solutions. In light of this, lithium batteries (liquid or solid state) have seen significant growth in recent years. However, to meet the growing demands of future energy storage, a transition from current-phase to next-generation lithium-based batteries with higher energy densities, lower costs, and longer lifecycles is inevitable. This transition will include not only the development, characterization, and modification of electrodes and electrolytes but also the development of the boundary of the electrode and electrolyte (the so-called “interphase”).

Understanding the formation mechanism, chemical composition, transport properties, and aging mechanism of the interphase is of fundamental importance for developing future lithium batteries with higher energy density and durability. Moreover, these fundamental understandings can be combined with electrolyte formulations and artificial interphase approaches to tune the chemical and physical properties of the interphases.

In this Special Issue, we are looking for contributions helping to:

  • Understand the nature and mechanisms associated with the formation of the interphase through in situ and ex situ post-mortem analysis;
  • Develop in situ techniques for interphase characterization;
  • Understand the interphase composition at the nanoscale;
  • Tune the interphase through electrolyte formulations, functional additives, and an artificial interphase approach;
  • Determine the impact of the interphase composition and structural properties on the lithium battery’s overall performance.

The topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • The analysis of the interphase composition, thickness, and morphology;
  • A nanoscale approach to interphase investigation;
  • Innovative electrolyte-based approaches to interphase tuning;
  • The effects of different electrode materials and electrochemical parameters on the interphase;
  • The battery cell design’s effect on the interphase;
  • Interphase modeling and simulation.

Dr. Masoud Baghernejad
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Clean Technologies is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lithium batteries
  • interphase mechanism
  • electrolyte additives
  • artificial interphase
  • in situ analysis
  • ex situ analysis
  • interphase modeling

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 10181 KiB  
Article
Human Exposure Influence Analysis for Wireless Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
by Adel El-Shahat, Joshua Danjuma, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz and Shady H. E. Abdel Aleem
Clean Technol. 2022, 4(3), 785-805; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4030048 - 15 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2614
Abstract
Wireless charging schemes aim to counter some drawbacks of electric vehicles’ wired charging, such as the fact that it does not encourage mobility, leads to safety issues regarding high voltage cables, power adapters high cost, and has more battery waste by companies. In [...] Read more.
Wireless charging schemes aim to counter some drawbacks of electric vehicles’ wired charging, such as the fact that it does not encourage mobility, leads to safety issues regarding high voltage cables, power adapters high cost, and has more battery waste by companies. In this paper, a comparative study of wireless power transfer multiple coil geometries is performed to analyze the efficiency, coupling coefficient, mutual inductance, and magnetic flux density production for each geometry. Results show that coil geometry, current excitation, and shielding techniques within the Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging (WEVC) system substantially influence magnetic flux leakage. In addition, the paper proposes an analytical framework for a WEVC scheme via electromagnetic resonance coupling. Safety considerations of the WEVC system, including the effects on humans, are investigated in several scenarios based on the relative location of the human while EV charging is conducted as the leading paper’s goal. The exposure measurements are performed across various radial distances from the coils using 3-D FEA ANSYS Maxwell Software (American technology company, Pennsylvania, United States). The analysis shows that WEVC systems can achieve high power transfer, resulting in increased magnetic flux leakage around the coils. The safe distance for humans and animals during the charging sequence is attained from research results. For instance, in the 120 mm spiral coil, 120 mm square coil, and 600 mm spiral coil operating at 1 A, excitation, the SAR levels are under the threshold of 700 mm away from the coils. For the 600 mm spiral coil excited at 8 A, the SAR levels fall under the threshold at 900 mm away from the coils. When shielding is utilized, the safe distance is improved by up to 350 mm. Considering the regulations of the Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) standards, 600 mm is a safe distance away from the coils, and, vertically, anywhere past 300 mm is safe for humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Lithium Ion Batteries)
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10 pages, 2108 KiB  
Article
Defect Properties of Li2NiGe3O8
by Navaratnarajah Kuganathan, Raveena Sukumar and Poobalasuntharam Iyngaran
Clean Technol. 2022, 4(3), 619-628; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4030038 - 1 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2045
Abstract
There is a growing interest in finding a suitable electrolyte material for the construction of rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Li2NiGe3O8 is a material of interest with modest Li-ionic conductivity. The atomistic simulation technique was applied to understand the defect [...] Read more.
There is a growing interest in finding a suitable electrolyte material for the construction of rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Li2NiGe3O8 is a material of interest with modest Li-ionic conductivity. The atomistic simulation technique was applied to understand the defect processes and Li-ion diffusion pathways, together with the activation energies and promising dopants on the Li, Ni, and Ge sites. The Li-Ni anti-site defect cluster was found to be the dominant defect in this material, showing the presence of cation mixing, which can influence the properties of this material. Li-ion diffusion pathways were constructed, and it was found that the activation energy for a three-dimensional Li-ion migration pathway is 0.57 eV, which is in good agreement with the values reported in the experiment. The low activation energy indicated that Li-ion conductivity in Li2NiGe3O8 is fast. The isovalent doping of Na, Fe and Si on the Li, Ni and Ge sites is energetically favorable. Both Al and Ga are candidate dopants for the formation of Li-interstitials and oxygen vacancies on the Ge site. While Li-interstitials can improve the capacity of batteries, oxygen vacancies can promote Li-ion diffusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Lithium Ion Batteries)
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Review

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23 pages, 1885 KiB  
Review
Lithium-Ion Batteries—The Crux of Electric Vehicles with Opportunities and Challenges
by Shriram S. Rangarajan, Suvetha Poyyamani Sunddararaj, AVV Sudhakar, Chandan Kumar Shiva, Umashankar Subramaniam, E. Randolph Collins and Tomonobu Senjyu
Clean Technol. 2022, 4(4), 908-930; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4040056 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 59 | Viewed by 17658
Abstract
With the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries in a wide range of consumer electronics products, the CE industry has undergone a dramatic shift. The Li-ion battery has emerged as the heart of electric cars, and the focus has now shifted to the automotive [...] Read more.
With the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries in a wide range of consumer electronics products, the CE industry has undergone a dramatic shift. The Li-ion battery has emerged as the heart of electric cars, and the focus has now shifted to the automotive sector. Liquid crystal displays have evolved over time to meet the demands of automobiles. International research groups and the performance of production electric vehicles are used to discuss and inform vehicle-driven battery targets. There is still a lot of room for improvement in terms of energy, life expectancy, cost, safety, and fast-charging capabilities for LIBs suited for the automotive sector. In this study, a review of lithium-ion battery applications in electric vehicles is presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Lithium Ion Batteries)
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