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Biosensors
Special Issues
Trends in Optical Biosensing and Bioimaging
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Trends in Optical Biosensing and Bioimaging

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical and Photonic Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 15742

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jeon Woong Kang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Interests: biomedical spectroscopy; microscopy; endoscopy; optical diagnosis and therapeutics monitoring; molecular probe
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, fast-growing semiconductor and nanofabrication technologies combined with machine-learning algorithms have significantly advanced the field of optical sensing and imaging.

Bulky and expensive laser systems evolved into compact and inexpensive systems with less power consumption. Sophisticated but robust turn-key CW and pulsed-laser systems are the key components of portable clinical instruments and successful translation. Highly efficient electric detectors/cameras are widely used. Specifically, compact camera modules with decent performance are available at low cost due to the smartphone industry. Advanced nanotechnology brought new tools to the field. High-performance optical filters are used to exclude unwanted photons in many optical systems. Nanoparticles are designed for molecular imaging and nanostructures are used to target specific molecules. Optical fiber technology enabled measuring in vivo signals from tissue locations that are not easily accessible by traditional imaging systems. More recently, machine-learning algorithms were actively introduced to the optics field, allowing the extraction of maximum information from existing or new data. Furthermore, these algorithms help in developing low-cost devices as they ease hardware requirements.

This Special Issue is focused on the recent advances in optical biosensing and bioimaging as well as advanced algorithms. You are invited to submit your original articles or reviews.

Dr. Jeon Woong Kang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomedical spectroscopy
  • microscopy
  • endoscopy
  • optical diagnosis and therapeutics monitoring
  • molecular probe
  • machine learning
  • artificial intelligence

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 6994 KiB  
Article
MicroVi: A Cost-Effective Microscopy Solution for Yeast Cell Detection and Count in Wine Value Chain
by Ismael Benito-Altamirano, Sergio Moreno, David M. Vaz-Romero, Anna Puig-Pujol, Gemma Roca-Domènech, Joan Canals, Anna Vilà, Joan Daniel Prades and Ángel Diéguez
Biosensors 2025, 15(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15010040 - 12 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1180
Abstract
In recent years, the wine industry has been researching how to improve wine quality along the production value chain. In this scenario, we present here a new tool, MicroVi, a cost-effective chip-sized microscopy solution to detect and count yeast cells in wine samples. [...] Read more.
In recent years, the wine industry has been researching how to improve wine quality along the production value chain. In this scenario, we present here a new tool, MicroVi, a cost-effective chip-sized microscopy solution to detect and count yeast cells in wine samples. We demonstrate that this novel microscopy setup is able to measure the same type of samples as an optical microscopy system, but with smaller size equipment and with automated cell count configuration. The technology relies on the top of state-of-the-art computer vision pipelines to post-process the images and count the cells. A typical pipeline consists of normalization, feature extraction (i.e., SIFT), image composition (to increase both resolution and scanning area), holographic reconstruction and particle count (i.e., Hough transform). MicroVi achieved a 2.19 µm resolution by properly resolving the G7.6 features from the USAF Resolving Power Test Target 1951. Additionally, we aimed for a successful calibration of cell counts for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We compared our direct results with our current optical setup, achieving a linear calibration for measurements ranging from 0.5 to 50 million cells per milliliter. Furthermore, other yeast cells were qualitatively resolved with our MicroVi microscope, such as, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, or bacteria, like, Lactobacillus plantarum, thus confirming the system’s reliability for consistent microbial assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Optical Biosensing and Bioimaging)
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15 pages, 5678 KiB  
Article
Optical Diffraction Tomography and Raman Confocal Microscopy for the Investigation of Vacuoles Associated with Cancer Senescent Engulfing Cells
by Silvia Ghislanzoni, Jeon Woong Kang, Arianna Bresci, Andrea Masella, Koseki J. Kobayashi-Kirschvink, Dario Polli, Italia Bongarzone and Peter T. C. So
Biosensors 2023, 13(11), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13110973 - 7 Nov 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3167
Abstract
Wild-type p53 cancer therapy-induced senescent cells frequently engulf and degrade neighboring ones inside a massive vacuole in their cytoplasm. After clearance of the internalized cell, the vacuole persists, seemingly empty, for several hours. Despite large vacuoles being associated with cell death, this process [...] Read more.
Wild-type p53 cancer therapy-induced senescent cells frequently engulf and degrade neighboring ones inside a massive vacuole in their cytoplasm. After clearance of the internalized cell, the vacuole persists, seemingly empty, for several hours. Despite large vacuoles being associated with cell death, this process is known to confer a survival advantage to cancer engulfing cells, leading to therapy resistance and tumor relapse. Previous attempts to resolve the vacuolar structure and visualize their content using dyes were unsatisfying for lack of known targets and ineffective dye penetration and/or retention. Here, we overcame this problem by applying optical diffraction tomography and Raman spectroscopy to MCF7 doxorubicin-induced engulfing cells. We demonstrated a real ability of cell tomography and Raman to phenotype complex microstructures, such as cell-in-cells and vacuoles, and detect chemical species in extremely low concentrations within live cells in a completely label-free fashion. We show that vacuoles had a density indistinguishable to the medium, but were not empty, instead contained diluted cell-derived macromolecules, and we could discern vacuoles from medium and cells using their Raman fingerprint. Our approach is useful for the noninvasive investigation of senescent engulfing (and other peculiar) cells in unperturbed conditions, crucial for a better understanding of complex biological processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Optical Biosensing and Bioimaging)
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15 pages, 1967 KiB  
Article
Smartphone-Based Rigid Endoscopy Device with Hemodynamic Response Imaging and Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging
by Youngkyu Kim, Woo June Choi, Jeongmin Oh, Kwanhee Lee and Jun Ki Kim
Biosensors 2023, 13(8), 816; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13080816 - 14 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2065
Abstract
Modern smartphones have been employed as key elements in point-of-care (POC) devices due to remarkable advances in their form factor, computing, and display performances. Recently, we reported a combination of the smartphone with a handheld endoscope using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), suggesting [...] Read more.
Modern smartphones have been employed as key elements in point-of-care (POC) devices due to remarkable advances in their form factor, computing, and display performances. Recently, we reported a combination of the smartphone with a handheld endoscope using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), suggesting potential for functional POC endoscopy. Here, we extended our work to develop a smartphone-combined multifunctional handheld endoscope using dual-wavelength LSCI. Dual-wavelength LSCI is used to monitor the changes in dynamic blood flow as well as changes in the concentration of oxygenated (HbO2), deoxygenated (Hbr), and total hemoglobin (HbT). The smartphone in the device performs fast acquisition and computation of the raw LSCI data to map the blood perfusion parameters. The flow imaging performance of the proposed device was tested with a tissue-like flow phantom, exhibiting a speckle flow index map representing the blood perfusion. Furthermore, the device was employed to assess the blood perfusion status from an exteriorized intestine model of rat in vivo during and after local ischemia, showing that blood flow and HbO2 gradually decreased in the ischemic region whereas hyperemia and excess increases in HbO2 were observed in the same region right after reperfusion. The results indicate that the combination of LSCI with smartphone endoscopy delivers a valuable platform for better understanding of the functional hemodynamic changes in the vasculatures of the internal organs, which may benefit POC testing for diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Optical Biosensing and Bioimaging)
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12 pages, 2792 KiB  
Article
Spectral Multiplexing of Fluorescent Endoscopy for Simultaneous Imaging with Multiple Fluorophores and Multiple Fields of View
by Bjorn Paulson, Saeed Bohlooli Darian, Youngkyu Kim, Jeongmin Oh, Marjan Ghasemi, Kwanhee Lee and Jun Ki Kim
Biosensors 2023, 13(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13010033 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3141
Abstract
Complex clinical procedures and small-animal research procedures can benefit from dual-site imaging provided by multiple endoscopic devices. Here, an endoscopic system is proposed which enables multiple fluorescence microendoscopes to be spectrally multiplexed on a single microscope base, enabling light sources and optical relays [...] Read more.
Complex clinical procedures and small-animal research procedures can benefit from dual-site imaging provided by multiple endoscopic devices. Here, an endoscopic system is proposed which enables multiple fluorescence microendoscopes to be spectrally multiplexed on a single microscope base, enabling light sources and optical relays to be shared between endoscopes. The presented system is characterized for resolution using USAF-1951 resolution test charts and for modulation transfer function using the slanted edge method. Imaging is demonstrated both directly and with microendoscopes attached. Imaging of phantoms was demonstrated by targeting USAF charts and fiber tissues dyed for FITC and Texas Red fluorescence. Afterwards, simultaneous liver and kidney imaging was demonstrated in mice expressing mitochondrial Dendra2 and injected with Texas Red-dextran. The results indicate that the system achieves high channel isolation and submicron and subcellular resolution, with resolution limited by the endoscopic probe and by physiological movement during endoscopic imaging. Multi-channel microendoscopy provides a potentially low-cost means of simultaneous multiple endoscopic imaging during biological experiments, resulting in reduced animal harm and potentially increasing insight into temporal connections between connected biological systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Optical Biosensing and Bioimaging)
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Review

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30 pages, 2104 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Bacterial Detection Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
by Manal Hassan, Yiping Zhao and Susu M. Zughaier
Biosensors 2024, 14(8), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14080375 - 1 Aug 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4759
Abstract
Rapid identification of microorganisms with a high sensitivity and selectivity is of great interest in many fields, primarily in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and the food industry. For over the past decades, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based detection platform has been extensively used [...] Read more.
Rapid identification of microorganisms with a high sensitivity and selectivity is of great interest in many fields, primarily in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and the food industry. For over the past decades, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based detection platform has been extensively used for bacterial detection, and the effort has been extended to clinical, environmental, and food samples. In contrast to other approaches, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and polymerase chain reaction, SERS exhibits outstanding advantages of rapid detection, being culture-free, low cost, high sensitivity, and lack of water interference. This review aims to cover the development of SERS-based methods for bacterial detection with an emphasis on the source of the signal, techniques used to improve the limit of detection and specificity, and the application of SERS in high-throughput settings and complex samples. The challenges and advancements with the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Optical Biosensing and Bioimaging)
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