Biomimetic Application on Applied Bioengineering

A special issue of Biomimetics (ISSN 2313-7673). This special issue belongs to the section "Development of Biomimetic Methodology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 October 2025 | Viewed by 1723

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Aeronautical and Space Engineering, Department of Aircraft and Space Vehicles, Polytechnical University of Madrid Plaza del Cardenal Cisneros, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: fracture mechanics; models; damage; bioengineering; experiments; computational mechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
ETS de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: damage; biomechanics; FEM

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Guest Editor
Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Construcción, E.T.S de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/Profesor Aranguren, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: biomechanics; multiphysics; FEM

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioengineering is a complex field where biology, chemistry, and mechanics converge, among other disciplines. When faced with an issue related to any of these fields, it would thus be convenient to focus on bioengineering, its influence on the overall problem, and the interaction between different phenomena, adding extra complexity to this approach. For this reason, one must first partially study the problem at hand and then progress to more global, interdisciplinary approaches.

This Special Issue focuses on the field of continuum and discrete mechanics, where materials, structures, and deformations go beyond the traditional approaches for engineering structures and coexist with agents that interact with them, changing the boundary conditions and the chemical environment. This study opens a wide variety of ways to explore, from the topological optimization of bones to interstitial pressure in tumours and one’s response to different treatments. For this, several models and approaches need to be considered to reproduce cellular behaviour, material stiffening, or vessel growth. Agent-based and multi-physical models together with discrete angiogenesis approaches are needed for further studying this topic. As such, they are welcome in this Special Issue.

Through the above, we expect to offer a general view of current trends and computational models in the bioengineering field.

Dr. Luis Saucedo-Mora
Dr. Laura Moreno-Corrales
Dr. Lucía López-de Abajo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomimetics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • agent-based model
  • computational bioengineering
  • tumour
  • angiogenesis
  • bone remodelling

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 2472 KiB  
Article
Immunomodulation Through Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Within 3D Polycaprolactone–Collagen Matrix
by Afsara Tasnim, Diego Jacho, Agustin Rabino, Jose Benalcazar, Rafael Garcia-Mata, Yakov Lapitsky and Eda Yildirim-Ayan
Biomimetics 2025, 10(8), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10080484 - 22 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising acellular tools for modulating immune responses for tissue engineering applications. This study explores the potential of human fibroblast-derived EVs delivered within a three-dimensional (3D) injectable scaffold composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers and collagen (PNCOL) to reprogram [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising acellular tools for modulating immune responses for tissue engineering applications. This study explores the potential of human fibroblast-derived EVs delivered within a three-dimensional (3D) injectable scaffold composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers and collagen (PNCOL) to reprogram macrophage behavior and support scaffold integrity under inflammatory conditions. EVs were successfully isolated from human fibroblasts using ultracentrifugation and characterized for purity, size distribution and surface markers (CD63 and CD9). Macrophage-laden PNCOL scaffolds were prepared under three conditions: macrophage-only (MP), fibroblast co-encapsulated (F-MP), and EV-encapsulated (EV-MP) groups. Structural integrity was assessed via scanning electron microscopy and Masson’s trichrome staining, while immunomodulatory effects were evaluated through metabolic assays, gene expression profiling, and immunohistochemistry for macrophage polarization markers (CD80, CD206). When co-encapsulated with pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages in PNCOL scaffolds, fibroblast-derived EVs preserved scaffold structure and significantly enhanced macrophage metabolic activity compared to the control (MP) and other experimental group (F-MP). The gene expression and immunohistochemistry data demonstrated substantial upregulation of anti-inflammatory markers (TGF-β, CD163, and CCL18) and surface protein CD206, indicating a phenotypic shift toward M2-like macrophages for EV-encapsulated scaffolds relative to the other groups. The findings of this study demonstrate that fibroblast-derived EVs integrated into injectable PCL–collagen scaffolds offer a viable, cell-free approach to modulate inflammation, preserve scaffold structure, and support regenerative healing. This strategy holds significant promise for advancing immuno-instructive platforms in regenerative medicine, particularly in settings where conventional cell therapies face limitations in survival, cost, or safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimetic Application on Applied Bioengineering)
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Review

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17 pages, 1714 KiB  
Review
Tissue-Engineered Tracheal Reconstruction
by Se Hyun Yeou and Yoo Seob Shin
Biomimetics 2025, 10(7), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10070457 - 11 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Tracheal reconstruction remains a formidable clinical challenge, particularly for long-segment defects that are not amenable to standard surgical resection or primary anastomosis. Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy for restoring the tracheal structure and function through the integration of biomaterials, stem [...] Read more.
Tracheal reconstruction remains a formidable clinical challenge, particularly for long-segment defects that are not amenable to standard surgical resection or primary anastomosis. Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy for restoring the tracheal structure and function through the integration of biomaterials, stem cells, and bioactive molecules. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in tissue-engineered tracheal grafts, particularly in scaffold design, cellular sources, fabrication technologies, and early clinical experience. Innovations in biomaterial science, three-dimensional printing, and scaffold-free fabrication approaches have broadened the prospects for patient-specific airway reconstruction. However, persistent challenges, including incomplete epithelial regeneration and mechanical instability, have hindered its clinical translation. Future efforts should focus on the design of modular biomimetic scaffolds, the enhancement of immunomodulatory strategies, and preclinical validation using robust large animal models. Sustained interdisciplinary collaboration among surgical, engineering, and biological fields is crucial for advancing tissue-engineered tracheal grafts for routine clinical applications. Within this context, biomimetic approaches, including three-dimensional bioprinting, hybrid materials, and scaffold-free constructs, are gaining prominence as strategies to replicate the trachea’s native architecture and improve graft integration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimetic Application on Applied Bioengineering)
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