The Interplay Between miRNA and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2025) | Viewed by 2338

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Guest Editor
Dpt of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
Interests: neurodegenerative disease; aging; traumatic brain injury; neuroprotection; neurorepair; neuroprotective agents
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to present a new Special Issue entitled “The Interplay Between miRNA and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases”.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a pivotal role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. They are involved in nearly every aspect of fundamental physiological and pathological cellular functions. Over the past decade, our understanding of miRNA biology, their target genes, biomarkers, and potential therapeutic applications has significantly increased. The role of nuclear DNA-encoded miRNAs in the progression of various neurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s disease, is well established.

However, our knowledge about mitochondrial miRNAs remains limited. These miRNAs either originate from the mitochondrial genome or are directly translocated into the mitochondria. In this context, emerging evidence suggests a potential interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and miRNA in the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions that expand our understanding of gene expression regulation by either nuclear DNA-encoded microRNAs and/or mitochondrial miRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases, and the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunctions in these pathologies.

We look forward to receiving submissions from outstanding experts in the field.

Dr. Mariano Catanesi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • miRNA
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • mitochondrial dysfunction
  • aging
  • gene expression

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 1453 KB  
Review
Mitochondria-Associated MicroRNAs: Emerging Roles in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
by Mariano Catanesi, Luana Di Leandro, Martina Colasante, Annamaria Cimini, Michele D’Angelo, Vanessa Castelli, Cosmin Marian Obreja and Rodolfo Ippoliti
Biomedicines 2026, 14(2), 313; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14020313 - 30 Jan 2026
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1726
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are the most prevalent age-associated disorders, characterized by progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Mitochondrial dysfunction is strictly associated with NDs and represent one of the hallmarks of these disorders, with neurological syndromes frequently representing the primary clinical manifestations of [...] Read more.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are the most prevalent age-associated disorders, characterized by progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Mitochondrial dysfunction is strictly associated with NDs and represent one of the hallmarks of these disorders, with neurological syndromes frequently representing the primary clinical manifestations of mitochondrial abnormalities. As central regulators of cellular bioenergetics, mitochondria play a pivotal role in both the physiological maintenance and pathogenesis of disease by different regulatory approaches. One of these, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, are well-established regulators of gene expression across different biological pathways. These miRNAs were usually investigated within the cytoplasmic context, but recent discoveries have revealed the presence of these miRNAs in different parts of mitochondria, where they contribute to the regulation of gene expression and metabolic activity. These mitochondrial-localized miRNAs, termed mito-MiRNA, may originate from either nuclear or mitochondrial genomes and have been shown to modulate the translational machinery of the cells. Despite extensive research on cytoplasmic miRNAs, the functional roles of mito-MiRNA remain poorly understood, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disorders. Based on these findings, this review aims to synthesize emerging evidence on the involvement of mito-MiRNA in in one of most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases—Parkinson’s disease (PD). Full article
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