Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in the Complex Interaction Between Metabolic Disorder and Cancer

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 3038

Editor

Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
Interests: metabolic disorder; oncology; extracellular vesicles

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, have been linked to the development and progression of tumors. Epidemiological studies have shown a strong correlation between metabolic abnormalities and the incidence of various types of cancer. For instance, obesity, particularly morbid obesity (with a body mass index ≥40 kg/m²), has been associated with an increased risk of developing certain cancers, such as liver, breast, and pancreatic cancer. Similarly, type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been linked to an elevated risk of cancer, with the strongest associations observed for liver, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small membrane-bound vesicles released by cells, play a pivotal role in the intricate interplay between metabolic disorders and cancer. They serve as crucial vehicles for intercellular communication, carrying and transferring bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, metabolites, RNA, and DNA to recipient cells, thereby influencing their functions. They exacerbate metabolic disorders by conveying related signals and promote cancer growth and metastasis by delivering tumor-associated signals. EVs also serve as biomarkers and potential therapeutic carriers, offering new avenues for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. This Special Issue aims at understanding the mechanistic and therapeutic aspects of this crucial relationship in order to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.

Dr. Keyang Xu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles
  • metabolic disorders
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • cancer
  • mechanism
  • diagnosis
  • treatment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

17 pages, 1067 KB  
Review
Extracellular Vesicles in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Implications, and Biomarker Potential
by Tingjun Zhu and Jingcheng Zhang
Biomedicines 2026, 14(4), 767; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14040767 - 27 Mar 2026
Viewed by 639
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as key mediators of intercellular communication, play multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis, treatment, drug resistance, and monitoring of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs), including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). EVs [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as key mediators of intercellular communication, play multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis, treatment, drug resistance, and monitoring of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs), including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). EVs derived from lymphoma cells or tumor microenvironment cells carry diverse cargoes such as proteins, microRNAs (miRNAs), and viral oncoproteins, which regulate tumor progression by modulating signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy, and immune suppression. In terms of treatment, accumulating evidence suggests that EVs may be associated with the efficacy of classical regimens such as R-CHOP, and they also hold potential as therapeutic targets and drug delivery vehicles for B-NHL. They contribute to drug resistance by altering the expression of key molecules or reshaping the tumor niche. Additionally, EV-derived biomarkers enable non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response and prognosis. This review summarizes the latest research progress on the roles of EVs in major B-NHL subtypes, aiming to provide new insights for the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for B-NHL. Full article
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26 pages, 1105 KB  
Review
Roles of Extracellular Vesicle-Derived microRNAs in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
by Xinlei Ma, Wei Zheng, Chensi Wu, Chengan Xu, Xin Ji, Keyang Xu and Qiaoqiao Yin
Biomedicines 2026, 14(3), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14030528 - 26 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 844
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, and has emerged as a common etiological factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MASLD and MASLD-associated HCC lack specific clinical biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo have [...] Read more.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, and has emerged as a common etiological factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MASLD and MASLD-associated HCC lack specific clinical biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo have emerged as key mediators of intercellular communication and promising diagnostic tools. This review provides a systematic overview of the stage-specific roles of EV-derived miRNAs across the MASLD spectrum. We focus on how key EV-miRNAs regulate lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, and the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review provides an updated perspective on cross-stage EV-derived miRNA regulatory circuits. In addition, we critically evaluate the potential of EV-derived miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets. By integrating mechanistic insights with clinical relevance, this review provides a comprehensive framework for the early identification, risk stratification, and precision intervention of MASLD-associated HCC. Full article
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Graphical abstract

24 pages, 3004 KB  
Review
Metabolic Messengers: Extracellular Vesicles as Central Mediators of Metabolic Reprogramming in Renal Cell Cancer
by Qingshu Meng, Liqun Huang, Zhiguo Chen, Rui Lin, Xiaohui Zhou and Guosheng Yang
Biomedicines 2026, 14(2), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14020282 - 27 Jan 2026
Viewed by 920
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been described as a metabolic disease as metabolic alterations are common in disparate RCC etiologies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the lipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles secreted by all living cells, have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular and inter-organ communication, capable [...] Read more.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been described as a metabolic disease as metabolic alterations are common in disparate RCC etiologies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the lipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles secreted by all living cells, have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular and inter-organ communication, capable of shuttling functional proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells. This review summarizes the essential events in tumor-associated metabolic reprogramming with a particular focus on renal cancers. We further explore how EVs released by metabolically deranged cells in cancer with altered cargos reprogram the renal cellular landscape, fostering tumor initiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and therapy resistance. Understanding this EV-mediated axis not only elucidates the pathophysiological link between these conditions but also helps to unveil novel potential therapeutic targets for RCC patients. Full article
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