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Special Issue "Models for Oral Biology Research 2.0"

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A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2023 | Viewed by 2608

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fernando Capela e Silva

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
2. Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
Interests: biology of oral tissues; eating behavior and its effects on the health of people and populations; food, health and society and the “One Health” approach
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Elsa Lamy

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Guest Editor

Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
Interests: biological determinants of eating behavior; oral perception and salivary biochemistry associated with this perception; Mediterranean diet
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Paula Midori Castelo

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Guest Editor

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
Interests: clinical oral physiology; salivary biomarkers; masticatory behavior

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral biology is a diverse scientific field involving several disciplines, such as molecular biology, genetics, microbiology, immunology, biochemistry, biophysics, craniofacial development, pharmacology, physiology, and cancer biology. The complex and unique dynamics of the various tissues, fluids, and functions of the oral cavity and craniofacial structures requires the development of new strategies and approaches to understand, prevent, manage, or cure various human diseases associated with these systems. Much of the oral biology knowledge is based on the results of research conducted on different models. Biological models are experimental systems that recreate aspects of the function or disease of human tissues, including certain cell lines of transgenic and non-transgenic animals and of traditional and emerging species, and in silico models, among others, that can serve as models in the study of oral biology.

This Special Issue aims to gather high-quality research, highlighting the importance of the use of models in the study of oral biology. The submission of new and comparative methodologies to understand the biology of diseases using new analysis methods is welcomed. Review articles are also welcomed. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

Comparative anatomy and physiology;
Salivary biology;
Mastication and swallowing;
Mechanisms of pellicle and biofilm formation, mechanisms, and regulation of exocrine processes;
In vitro tissue culture systems;
In vitro applications of three-dimensional oral mucosal models;
Human embryonic stem cells as a model to study craniofacial development;
Human stem cells for applications in dental and craniofacial tissue regeneration;
Emerging model systems;
In silico models for the study of oral biology;
Aging and oral health;
Diseases of the mouth and related structures such as salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, masticatory and facial muscles, and perioral skin;
Biomedical engineering, tissue engineering, and stem cells;
Biomarkers for oral and periodontal diseases;
Oral biology and physiopathology;
Oral microbiology and immunology;
Sensory neuroscience;
Mineralized tissue biology and craniofacial development;
Molecular and cellular aspects of oral cancer to develop novel therapeutic opportunities.

Dr. Fernando Capela e Silva
Dr. Elsa Lamy
Dr. Paula Midori Castelo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

oral biology
salivary biology
oral microbiology
oral immunology
models

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Diagnosis and Assessment of Dental Caries Using Novel Bioactive Caries Detecting Dye Solution

Shashirekha Govind

Amit Jena

Sushanta Kumar Kamilla

Neeta Mohanty

Rachappa M. Mallikarjuna

and

Biomedicines 2023, 11(2), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020500 - 09 Feb 2023

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Abstract

Background: The goal of materials should be early caries detection, removal of carious lesions, and reduction of dentin hypersensitivity. Thus, the study aims to determine the efficacy of a bioactive caries detecting dye (BCD) for the diagnosing and mechanical removal of occlusal and proximal dental caries. Methods: Patients with occlusal (A1, A2) and proximal carious lesions (B1, B2) were treated with the rotary technique and BCD solution on 120 teeth (n = 60 for each). Group 1: Excavation was performed using diamond points. Group 2: 0.5 mL of BCD solution was scrubbed for 20 sec and excavation was performed with a sharp spoon excavator. Post-excavation cavity volume analysis was performed using a 3D scanner. The time required, VAS for pain, VAS for facial expression, and sound eye motor scoring were scored during excavation. Post-restoration evaluation was performed at 3, 6, and 12 months (FDI criteria). Results: The chi-square test revealed that the A1 (197.90 30.97 s) and B1 (273.06 69.95 s) had significantly less mean procedural time than the A2 (292.13 44.87 s) and B2 (411.86 88.34 s). BCD (A2, B2) group showed good patient acceptance, less pain during caries excavation VAS (p = 0.001, FACE (p = 0.001), and SEM (p < 0.001) analysis than the rotary group. There was a statistically insignificant difference between groups immediately (p = 0.235), (p = 0.475) and after 24 h (p = 0.561), (p = 0.688). Color score, hardness of excavated surface, and caries removal score for occlusal and proximal groups showed insignificant differences between the groups. BCD group showed significantly less mean caries excavated volume for the occlusal group (p = 0.003) as compared to the proximal group (p = 0.417) evaluated by 3D scanner. Evaluation of restoration after 3-, 6-, and 12 months intervals (Occlusal caries group (p = 0.247), (p = 0.330), and (0.489) and Proximal caries group (p = 0.299), (p = 0.594), and (0.494)) was acceptable for both the groups. Conclusion: BCD helps in identification of dental caries clinically, radiographically, and in effective removal of denatured teeth with less pain or sensitivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Models for Oral Biology Research 2.0)

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Open AccessArticle

Air Pollution as a Risk Indicator for Periodontitis

and

Biomedicines 2023, 11(2), 443; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020443 - 02 Feb 2023

Viewed by 550

Abstract

Background: Air pollutants can influence local and systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and microbiome composition. Therefore, air pollution may potentially represent an unexplored modifiable risk indicator for periodontitis. The aim of the current cross-sectional study was to investigate the epidemiological association between outdoor air pollution and periodontitis in a representative sample of the South Korean population. Methods: A total of 42,020 individuals, which were representative of 35.2 million South Koreans, were examined. The mean annual levels of particulate matter of 10 μm (PM10), ozone, sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and humidity, were studied. Periodontitis was defined according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI ≥ 3). Simple and multiple regression analyses using four different models were applied. Results: Every 5-μg/m³ increase in PM10 (OR = 1.17; 95% confidence interval—CI: 1.11–1.24) and of 0.005 ppm in ozone levels (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.00–1.30) were positively associated with periodontitis prevalence. Conversely, every 5% increase in humidity (OR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90–0.99) and 0.003 ppm increase in NO₂ levels (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89–0.96) were inversely associated with periodontitis occurrence. Conclusions: In this nationally representative population several air pollutants were found to be associated with periodontitis occurrence. Hence, the present results suggest that air pollution may be a new modifiable risk indicator for periodontitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Models for Oral Biology Research 2.0)

Review

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Open AccessReview

Recent Clinical Treatment and Basic Research on the Alveolar Bone

Sachio Tsuchida

and

Tomohiro Nakayama

Biomedicines 2023, 11(3), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030843 - 10 Mar 2023

Viewed by 451

Abstract

The periodontal ligament is located between the bone (alveolar bone) and the cementum of the tooth, and it is connected by tough fibers called Sharpey’s fibers. To maintain healthy teeth, the foundation supporting the teeth must be healthy. Periodontal diseases, also known as tooth loss, cause the alveolar bone to dissolve. The alveolar bone, similar to the bones in other body parts, is repeatedly resorbed by osteoclasts and renewed by osteogenic cells. This means that an old bone is constantly being resorbed and replaced by a new bone. In periodontal diseases, the alveolar bone around the teeth is absorbed, and as the disease progresses, the alveolar bone shrinks gradually. In most cases, the resorbed alveolar bone does not return to its original form even after periodontal disease is cured. Gum covers the tooth surface so that it matches the shape of the resorbed alveolar bone, exposing more of the tooth surface than before, making the teeth look longer, leaving gaps between the teeth, and in some cases causing teeth to sting. Previously, the only treatment for periodontal diseases was to stop the disease from progressing further before the teeth fell out, and restoration to the original condition was almost impossible. However, a treatment method that can help in the regeneration of the supporting tissues of the teeth destroyed by periodontal diseases and the restoration of the teeth to their original healthy state as much as possible is introduced. Recently, with improvements in implant material properties, implant therapy has become an indispensable treatment method in dentistry and an important prosthetic option. Treatment methods and techniques, which are mainly based on experience, have gradually accumulated scientific evidence, and the number of indications for treatment has increased. The development of bone augmentation methods has contributed remarkably to the expansion of indications, and this has been made possible by various advances in materials science. The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) cell technology for regenerating periodontal tissues, including alveolar bone, is expected to be applied in the treatment of diseases, such as tooth loss and periodontitis. This review focuses on the alveolar bone and describes clinical practice, techniques, and the latest basic research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Models for Oral Biology Research 2.0)

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Open AccessReview

Artificial Intelligence Its Uses and Application in Pediatric Dentistry: A Review

Satish Vishwanathaiah

Hytham N. Fageeh

Sanjeev B. Khanagar

and

Prabhadevi C. Maganur

Biomedicines 2023, 11(3), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030788 - 05 Mar 2023

Viewed by 437

Abstract

In the global epidemic era, oral problems significantly impact a major population of children. The key to a child’s optimal health is early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of these disorders. In recent years, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has seen tremendous pace and progress. As a result, AI’s infiltration is witnessed even in those areas that were traditionally thought to be best left to human specialists. The ultimate ability to improve patient care and make precise diagnoses of illnesses has revolutionized the world of healthcare. In the field of dentistry, the competence to execute treatment measures while still providing appropriate patient behavior counseling is in high demand, particularly in the field of pediatric dental care. As a result, we decided to conduct this review specifically to examine the applications of AI models in pediatric dentistry. A comprehensive search of the subjects was done using a wide range of databases to look for studies that have been published in peer-reviewed journals from its inception until 31 December 2022. After the application of the criteria, only 25 of the 351 articles were taken into consideration for this review. According to the literature, AI is frequently used in pediatric dentistry for the purpose of making an accurate diagnosis and assisting clinicians, dentists, and pediatric dentists in clinical decision making, developing preventive strategies, and establishing an appropriate treatment plan. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Models for Oral Biology Research 2.0)

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