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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Gynecological Diseases in Cellular and Molecular Perspectives
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Gynecological Diseases in Cellular and Molecular Perspectives

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 2770

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Iwona Wertel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University in Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Interests: ovarian cancer microenvironment; immune checkpoints; tumor-infiltrating immune cells
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anna Pawłowska-Łachut

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Interests: ovarian cancer microenvironment; microRNA; immune checkpoints; dendritic cells; immunotherapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gynaecological diseases are a heterogeneous group of conditions of the female reproductive tract, including malignancies, benign tumors, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, menstrual disorders, and others. It should be highlighted that they are not only the leading cause of women's mortality worldwide but also lead to significant deterioration in quality of life. Despite the development of new tools in the diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological diseases, the prognosis for patients remains poor, especially in ovarian cancer. In both early diagnosis and the treatment of gynaecological pathologies, it is necessary to investigate the molecular background to deepen the current knowledge and understanding of cellular interactions, including immune checkpoints (PD-1/PD-L1, TIGIT/CD155/DNAM-1, TIM-3/Gal-9 pathways etc.). Molecular profiling, including genomic profiling, microsatellite instability status, tumor mutational burden, immune/molecular biomarkers, and microRNAs, is also predominant for clinical management. The projecting of molecular and cellular biomarkers may lead to implementing molecular medicine in routine clinical practice to improve the outcomes and quality of life of gynecological patients. The goal of this Special Issue, “Gynecological diseases in cellular and molecular perspectives”, is to contribute to understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases of the female reproductive tract. All manuscripts will be published with the highest standards in publication ethics.

Prof. Dr. Iwona Wertel
Dr. Anna Pawłowska-Łachut
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gynaecological diseases
  • endometriosis
  • biomarkers
  • immune checkpoints
  • immunotherapy
  • tumor microenvironment
  • tumor-infiltrating immune cells
  • cancer immunology
  • cellular interactions

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2338 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Probiotics on Preterm Birth Rates in Pregnant Women After a Threatened Preterm Birth Episode (The PROPEV Trial)
by Ester del Barco, Leidy-Alejandra G. Molano, Mireia Vargas, Marta Miserachs, Linda Puerto, Carmen Garrido-Giménez, Zaida Soler, Begoña Muñoz, Laia Pratcorona, Sonia Rimbaut, Mercè Vidal, Marta Dalmau, Alba Casellas, Elena Carreras, Chaysavanh Manichanh and Maria Goya
Biomedicines 2025, 13(5), 1141; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051141 - 8 May 2025
Viewed by 560
Abstract
Introduction: Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal mortality worldwide, with prevalence rates showing little reduction. Although mortality rates have decreased, morbidity rates remain concerningly high. In recent years, there has been a surge in studies examining the etiology, risk factors, [...] Read more.
Introduction: Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal mortality worldwide, with prevalence rates showing little reduction. Although mortality rates have decreased, morbidity rates remain concerningly high. In recent years, there has been a surge in studies examining the etiology, risk factors, and management of preterm birth. The use of vaginal probiotics in pregnant women at risk of preterm birth has garnered attention as a potential approach for improving perinatal outcomes and modulating the vaginal microbiota. However, the efficacy of this intervention remains unclear. Therefore, this study explored the impact of vaginal probiotics on perinatal outcomes and vaginal microbiota composition in pregnant women at risk of preterm birth. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, prospective, longitudinal, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentric trial conducted across seven maternities in Spain from October 2017 to August 2022 in pregnant women at risk of preterm birth. Participants were randomly assigned to receive vaginal probiotics containing four lactobacilli strains or a placebo. The primary outcome was to explore a potential correlation between probiotic use among pregnant women at risk of preterm birth and the actual rate of preterm birth before 37 gestational weeks. Secondary outcomes included an evaluation of preterm birth rates, neonatal morbidity, the vaginal microbiota, and changes in the vaginal microbiota after receiving probiotics. Other secondary outcomes were identifying vaginal microbiota patterns associated with preterm birth and exploring potential therapeutic mechanisms involving probiotics. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT03689166. Results: A total of 200 participants were included. Of those, birth data were obtained for 181 women. Demographics were similar between both groups. An analysis of perinatal outcomes found no significant differences in preterm birth rates, prematurity rates, gestational weeks at delivery, neonatal complications, time to birth, or latency time to delivery. Microbiota analysis showed no significant differences in vaginal microbiota changes between groups. No serious or unexpected adverse reactions were reported. Conclusions: There were no statistically significant differences for spontaneous preterm birth between pregnant women receiving probiotics and pregnant women receiving the placebo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Diseases in Cellular and Molecular Perspectives)
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14 pages, 1834 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Patients with Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Advanced Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer in 2018–2023 and the Impact of Molecular Diagnostics on Chemotherapy in Clinical Practice
by Sonja Millert-Kalińska, Małgorzata Stawicka-Niełacna, Lidia Tomczak, Dominik Pruski, Marcin Przybylski, Karolina Jaszczyńska-Nowinka, Grzegorz Poprawski and Radosław Mądry
Biomedicines 2025, 13(2), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020483 - 15 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Background: High-grade advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal (HGAOC) cancers require both surgical and systemic treatment. The introduction of polyADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) has significantly improved outcomes. This study presents an analysis of HGAOC patients treated at a single center, following [...] Read more.
Background: High-grade advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal (HGAOC) cancers require both surgical and systemic treatment. The introduction of polyADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) has significantly improved outcomes. This study presents an analysis of HGAOC patients treated at a single center, following updated guidelines. Methods: We observed 437 women newly diagnosed with HGAOC at the Department of Gynecological Oncology between January 2018 and December 2023. Results: Since November 2022, first-line treatment has included bevacizumab and PARPi, regardless of residual disease post-cytoreductive surgery. In both BRCA1/2-mutated and non-mutated groups, PARPi-based regimens increased significantly after May 2021 (p < 0.01). Recurrence number emerged as a strong prognostic factor for survival (p < 0.001), with each recurrence raising mortality risk by 80%. Median survival was 21 months for paclitaxel + platinum derivatives (PC), 27 months for PC + bevacizumab (BEV), and 30 months for PC + BEV + PARPi. Conclusions: The rapid adoption of modern therapies at our center has aligned treatment strategies with HRD status and global standards. However, variations in financial regulations and drug accessibility persist across countries. Despite these challenges, physicians should prioritize the most effective therapies available. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Diseases in Cellular and Molecular Perspectives)
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15 pages, 6044 KiB  
Article
Integrative Analysis of Gene Expression and Promoter Methylation to Differentiate High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer from Benign Tumors
by Ieva Vaicekauskaitė, Paulina Kazlauskaitė, Rugilė Gineikaitė, Rūta Čiurlienė, Juozas Rimantas Lazutka and Rasa Sabaliauskaitė
Biomedicines 2025, 13(2), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020441 - 11 Feb 2025
Viewed by 978
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the third most common and second most lethal onco-gynecological disease in the world, with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) making up the majority of OC cases worldwide. The current serological biomarkers used for OC diagnosis are lacking sensitivity [...] Read more.
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the third most common and second most lethal onco-gynecological disease in the world, with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) making up the majority of OC cases worldwide. The current serological biomarkers used for OC diagnosis are lacking sensitivity and specificity, thus new biomarkers are greatly needed. Recently, the chromatin remodeling complex gene ARID1A, Notch and Wnt pathway gene expression, as well as HOX-related gene promoter methylation have been linked with promoting OC. Methods: In this pilot study, 10 gene expression biomarkers and 4 promoter methylation biomarkers were examined as potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators of OC in 65 fresh-frozen gynecologic tumor tissues. Results: Out of 10 genes analyzed, the expression of eight biomarkers was significantly reduced in OC cases compared to benign, and HOX-related gene promoter methylation significantly increased in OC tumors. Out of 14 biomarkers, CTNNB1 showed the best single biomarker separation of HGSOC from benign cases (AUC = 0.97), while a combination of the seven Notch pathway-related gene expressions (NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, NOTCH4, DLL1, JAG2, and HES1) demonstrated the best separation of HGSOC from the benign cases (AUC = 1). Conclusions: The combination of multiple gene expression or gene promoter methylation biomarkers shows great promise for the development of an effective biomarker-based diagnostic approach for OC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Diseases in Cellular and Molecular Perspectives)
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