Small Molecules, from Natural Sources, in Drug Discovery

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 1143

Editors


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Guest Editor
1. UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
2. Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
3. H2M—Health and Human Movement Unit, Instituto Politécnico de Saúde do Norte, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), CRL, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
Interests: drug discovery; natural products; antimicrobials; translational research; food supplements

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Guest Editor
1. REQUIMTE/LAQV, ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
2. ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
Interests: chemistry and bioactivity; natural products; ethnopharmacology; dietary supplements

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural sources remain a key reservoir of structurally diverse small molecules with significant potential for drug discovery. Recent methodological and technological advances have strengthened the integration of natural product research with modern medicinal chemistry, pharmacology and computational approaches.

This Special Issue focuses on small molecules derived from natural sources with relevance to drug discovery and early-stage development. Contributions addressing the isolation and structural characterization of natural compounds, their biological activity and mechanisms of action, structure–activity relationships and natural product-based lead discovery are welcome. Studies integrating experimental and computational approaches, as well as research highlighting the pharmacological and translational potential of natural small molecules, are particularly encouraged.

The aim of this Special Issue is to showcase interdisciplinary research supporting the advancement of natural small molecules into promising therapeutic leads.

Dr. Marisa Machado
Dr. Cláudia Pinho
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • natural products
  • translational research
  • drug discovery
  • herbal therapy
  • small molecules
  • therapeutic leads
  • pharmacology
  • natural bioactive compounds

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4540 KB  
Article
Cinchonidine, a Natural Quinoline Alkaloid, Attenuates Ischemic Neurovascular Injury Through Blood–Brain Barrier Preservation
by Kuan-Jung Lu, Chia-Yuan Hsu, Thanasekaran Jayakumar, Cheng-Ying Hsieh and Ruei-Dun Teng
Biomedicines 2026, 14(7), 1442; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14071442 - 25 Jun 2026
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Ischemic stroke remains a major global health challenge, yet therapeutic options are severely restricted by narrow treatment windows and the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. Natural small molecules represent a valuable reservoir for discovering novel neuroprotective leads with favorable safety profiles. Cinchonidine, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Ischemic stroke remains a major global health challenge, yet therapeutic options are severely restricted by narrow treatment windows and the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. Natural small molecules represent a valuable reservoir for discovering novel neuroprotective leads with favorable safety profiles. Cinchonidine, a natural quinoline alkaloid, has shown anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties, but its potential in treating ischemic stroke is largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the neurovascular protective effects and hemostatic safety of cinchonidine in preclinical stroke models. Methods: We evaluated cinchonidine using a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and in vitro oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) models in cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) and Neuro2A cells. Infarct volume, brain edema, and neurological recovery were assessed. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity was measured via Evans blue extravasation. Mechanistic markers, including microglial activation, pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2), and apoptosis-related signaling, were examined. Additionally, cinchonidine’s effect on platelet aggregation was also tested. Results: Cinchonidine significantly reduced infarct volume and brain edema while improving neurological functional recovery. It effectively preserved BBB integrity and enhanced cell viability under OGD conditions. Furthermore, cinchonidine suppressed microglial activation and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. These protective effects were associated with the modulation of apoptotic signaling pathways. These protective effects were accompanied by reduced p53-associated stress signaling in endothelial cells and ischemic brain tissue. Importantly, cinchonidine did not significantly interfere with platelet aggregation, suggesting a potentially favorable hemostatic profile. Conclusions: Cinchonidine attenuates ischemic brain injury and is associated with endothelial protection, preservation of BBB integrity, and modulation of inflammatory and apoptotic responses. As a natural lead compound that does not compromise hemostasis, cinchonidine represents a promising lead compound for further development as a neurovascular protective strategy in ischemic stroke. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small Molecules, from Natural Sources, in Drug Discovery)
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Review

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20 pages, 577 KB  
Review
Natural Compounds in Pediatric Disease Treatment
by Dmitry O. Ivanov, Roman O. Shaikenov, Svetlana N. Morozkina, Petr P. Snetkov, Ruslan A. Nasyrov, Polina G. Serbun, Anna D. Kosova, Alexander G. Shavva and Igor M. Kvetnoy
Biomedicines 2026, 14(7), 1528; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14071528 - 8 Jul 2026
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Abstract
The review evaluates current clinical and epidemiological evidence regarding the use of plant-derived compounds in pediatric practice. Data from randomized controlled trials indicate symptomatic efficacy of selected agents—particularly in acute respiratory infections—alongside generally favorable safety profiles when standardized preparations are used. Emerging research [...] Read more.
The review evaluates current clinical and epidemiological evidence regarding the use of plant-derived compounds in pediatric practice. Data from randomized controlled trials indicate symptomatic efficacy of selected agents—particularly in acute respiratory infections—alongside generally favorable safety profiles when standardized preparations are used. Emerging research also explores applications in neurodevelopmental disorders, gastrointestinal conditions, and dermatology, and as supportive therapy in pediatric oncology. However, variability in product quality, limited pediatric-specific trials, potential toxicity, and regulatory inconsistencies remain significant challenges. The integration of phytotherapy into pediatric care therefore requires rigorous study design, careful safety monitoring, and clear quality standards to ensure an evidence-based risk–benefit balance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small Molecules, from Natural Sources, in Drug Discovery)
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