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Bioengineering
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Tissue Engineering Strategies Applied in Bone Regeneration and Bone Repair
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Tissue Engineering Strategies Applied in Bone Regeneration and Bone Repair

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 12597

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gael Y. Rochefort

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Dental Surgery, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
Interests: tissue engineering; biomaterials; bone modeling, remodeling and healing; angiogenesis; stem cells; cell expansion and differentiation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Impairment of bone remodeling can occur as a result of various pathologies, traumas, and injuries, and poor bone healing leads to functionally debilitating conditions, loss of self-sufficiency, and deterioration in quality of life. Given the increasing incidence of trauma and the emergence of new procedural techniques, advanced scaffolds are currently developed as substitutes for bone tissue engineering. This growing worldwide clinical demand for bone regeneration is a problematic issue in orthopaedics and surgery. The application of autologous bone is still the standard in bone transplantation. Due to the limited quantity of bone available for harvesting and the poor quality of bone transplants, especially in elderly patients due to bone diseases such as osteoporosis, surgeons are looking for alternatives such as bone substitute materials. Ideal grafting material enables the regeneration of bony defects up to the condition of a restitution ad integrum and should combine the basic mechanisms of fracture healing, namely, osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction.

In the last few decades, a variety of bone substitute materials with different physicochemical properties have been developed and analyzed to optimize the process of bone regeneration. Furthermore, various growth factors, cytokines and antibiotics have been incorporated into bone substitutes and matrices as so-called “composite bone grafts” in order to enhance bone healing. Moreover, different tissue engineering strategies, such as combinations with extracellular matrix proteins and/or different cell types (e.g., osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, or endothelial cells) have been developed with the aim of improving the regenerative properties of bone substitute materials. However, no alternative to autologous bone has been found; thus, there is a need for ongoing research to develop a composite bone graft that combines osteogenesis with inductive and conductive properties. In this context, preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials analyzing fundamental molecular processes, are crucial to define the regeneration mechanisms of new materials and tissue engineering concepts. At the same time, successful clinical management of bone pathologies, regeneration, and healing requires an understanding of the repair biology, advantages, and limitations of current fixation methods, and the feasibility of and selection criteria for grafting approaches including the use of viable cells, biologics, and physical stimulation.

This Special Issue focuses on the various aspects of assessments of bone regeneration, therapies, and healing, and the interactions of bone substitutes, materials and scaffolds with cells and tissues. To summarize, it seeks to improve the models and the analyses of the results to improve bone healing.

Thus, we invite contributions of reviews and/or original papers reporting new results in the field of bone substitute development and bone tissue engineering concepts, and 3D materials, including in vitro and in vivo analyses. We also invite original research papers, as well as comprehensive reviews, based on clinical studies, as well as innovative approaches, imaging technologies, and methodologies for assessing bone quality and the optimization of bone regeneration.

We look forward to receiving your contributions to this Special Issue.

Dr. Gael Y. Rochefort
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 183 KiB  
Editorial
Tissue Engineering Strategies Applied in Bone Regeneration and Bone Repair
by Alexis Delpierre, Guillaume Savard, Matthieu Renaud and Gael Y. Rochefort
Bioengineering 2023, 10(6), 644; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10060644 - 25 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2270
Abstract
Bone regeneration and repair present significant challenges in the field of regenerative medicine [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Engineering Strategies Applied in Bone Regeneration and Bone Repair)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

14 pages, 4631 KiB  
Article
Investigation of a Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS) System
by Jennifer Whitestone, Anmar Salih and Tarun Goswami
Bioengineering 2023, 10(10), 1160; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101160 - 3 Oct 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2417
Abstract
A deep brain stimulator (DBS) device is a surgically implanted system that delivers electrical impulses to specific targets in the brain to treat abnormal movement disorders. A DBS is like a cardiac pacemaker, but instead of sending electrical signals to the heart, it [...] Read more.
A deep brain stimulator (DBS) device is a surgically implanted system that delivers electrical impulses to specific targets in the brain to treat abnormal movement disorders. A DBS is like a cardiac pacemaker, but instead of sending electrical signals to the heart, it sends them to the brain instead. When DBS leads and extension wires are exposed in the biological environment, this can adversely affect impedance and battery life, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. A posthumously extracted DBS device was evaluated using visual inspection and optical microscopy as well as electrical and mechanical tests to quantify the damage leading to its impairment. The implantable pulse generator (IPG) leads, a component of the DBS, contained cracks, delamination, exfoliations, and breakage. Some aspects of in vivo damage were observed in localized areas discussed in this paper. The duration of the time in months that the DBS was in vivo was estimated based on multiple regression analyses of mechanical property testing from prior research of pacemaker extensions. The test results of three DBS extensions, when applied to the regressions, were used to estimate the in vivo duration in months. This estimation approach may provide insight into how long the leads can function effectively before experiencing mechanical failure. Measurements of the extension coils demonstrated distortion and stretching, demonstrating the changes that may occur in vivo. These changes can alter the impedance and potentially reduce the effectiveness of the clinical treatment provided by the DBS system. Ultimately, as both DBSs and pacemakers use the same insulation and lead materials, the focus of this paper is to develop a proof of concept demonstrating that the mechanical properties measured from pacemaker extensions and leads extracted posthumously of known duration, measured in months while in vivo, can be used to predict the duration of DBS leads of unknown lifespan. The goal is to explore the validity of the proposed model using multiple regression of mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Engineering Strategies Applied in Bone Regeneration and Bone Repair)
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17 pages, 4870 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Characteristics and Bioactivity of Nanocomposite Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Coated Titanium for Bone Tissue Engineering
by Diana Julaidy Patty, Ari Dwi Nugraheni, Ika Dewi Ana and Yusril Yusuf
Bioengineering 2022, 9(12), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9120784 - 8 Dec 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2615
Abstract
In the present study, we have analyzed the mechanical characteristics and bioactivity of titanium coating with hydroxyapatite/bovine collagen. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from a Pinctada maxima shell and has a stoichiometry (Ca/P) of 1.72 and a crystallinity of 92%, suitable for coating materials [...] Read more.
In the present study, we have analyzed the mechanical characteristics and bioactivity of titanium coating with hydroxyapatite/bovine collagen. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from a Pinctada maxima shell and has a stoichiometry (Ca/P) of 1.72 and a crystallinity of 92%, suitable for coating materials according to ISO and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. Titanium (Ti) substrate coatings were fabricated at HAp concentrations of 1% (Ti/HAp-1) and 3% (Ti/HAp-3) and a bovine collagen concentration of 1% (Ti/HAp/Coll) by the electrophoresis deposition (EPD) method. The compressive strength of Ti/HAp-1 and Ti/HAp-3 was 87.28 and 86.19 MPa, respectively, and it increased significantly regarding the control/uncoated Ti (46.71 MPa). Furthermore, the Ti/HAp-coll (69.33 MPa) has lower compressive strength due to collagen substitution (1%). The bioactivity of Ti substrates after the immersion into simulated body fluids (SBF) for 3–10 days showed a high apatite growth (Ca2+ and PO43−), according to XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS results, significantly on the Ti/HAp-coll. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Engineering Strategies Applied in Bone Regeneration and Bone Repair)
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12 pages, 3454 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Studies of the Processes of the Molecular Transfer of the Momentum, Thermal Energy and Mass in the Nutrient Media of Biotechnological Industries
by Aleksandr G. Novoselov, Sergei A. Sorokin, Igor V. Baranov, Nikita V. Martyushev, Olga N. Rumiantceva and Aleksey A. Fedorov
Bioengineering 2022, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9010018 - 6 Jan 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1701
Abstract
This article puts forward arguments in favor of the necessity of conducting complex measurements of molecular transport coefficients that quantitatively determine the coefficients of dynamic viscosity, thermal diffusivity and molecular diffusion. The rheological studies have been carried out on the viscometers of two [...] Read more.
This article puts forward arguments in favor of the necessity of conducting complex measurements of molecular transport coefficients that quantitatively determine the coefficients of dynamic viscosity, thermal diffusivity and molecular diffusion. The rheological studies have been carried out on the viscometers of two types: those with a rolling ball (HÖPPLER® KF 3.2.), and those with a rotary one (Rheotest RN 4.1.). The thermophysical studies have been performed using the analyzer Hot Disk TPS 2500S. The measurements have been taken in the temperature range of 283 to 363 K. The concentration of dry substances has varied from 16.2 to 77.7% dry wt. An empirical equation for calculating the density of aqueous solutions of beet molasses has been obtained. The diagrams of the dependence of the dynamic viscosity on the shear rate in the range of 1 s−1 to 500 s−1 at different temperatures have been provided. The diagrams of the dependence of the coefficients of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity on the temperature and the concentration of dry substances have been presented, and empirical equations for their calculation have been obtained. The findings can be used for engineering calculations of hydrodynamic and heat-exchange processes in biotechnological equipment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Engineering Strategies Applied in Bone Regeneration and Bone Repair)
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16 pages, 5545 KiB  
Article
Retrospective Evaluation and Framework Development of Bone Anisotropic Material Behavior Compared with Elastic, Elastic-Plastic, and Hyper-Elastic Properties
by Farah Hamandi, James T. Tsatalis and Tarun Goswami
Bioengineering 2022, 9(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9010009 - 29 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2418
Abstract
The main motivation for studying damage in bone tissue is to better understand how damage develops in the bone tissue and how it progresses. Such knowledge may help in the surgical aspects of joint replacement, fracture fixation or establishing the fracture tolerance of [...] Read more.
The main motivation for studying damage in bone tissue is to better understand how damage develops in the bone tissue and how it progresses. Such knowledge may help in the surgical aspects of joint replacement, fracture fixation or establishing the fracture tolerance of bones to prevent injury. Currently, there are no standards that create a realistic bone model with anisotropic material properties, although several protocols have been suggested. This study seeks to retrospectively evaluate the damage of bone tissue with respect to patient demography including age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), height, and weight, and their role in causing fracture. Investigators believe that properties derived from CT imaging data to estimate the material properties of bone tissue provides more realistic models. Quantifying and associating damage with in vivo conditions will provide the required information to develop mathematical equations and procedures to predict the premature failure and potentially mitigate problems before they begin. Creating a realistic model for bone tissue can predict the premature failure(s), provide preliminary results before getting the surgery, and optimize the design of orthopaedic implants. A comparison was performed between the proposed model and previous efforts, where they used elastic, hyper- elastic, or elastic-plastic properties. Results showed that there was a significant difference between the anisotropic material properties of bone when compared with unrealistic previous methods. The results showed that the density is 50% higher in male subjects than female subjects. Additionally, the results showed that the density is 47.91% higher in Black subjects than Mixed subjects, 53.27% higher than Caucasian subjects and 57.41% higher than Asian. In general, race should be considered during modeling implants or suggesting therapeutic techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Engineering Strategies Applied in Bone Regeneration and Bone Repair)
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