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Bioengineering
Special Issues
Extracellular Vesicles: From Basic Research to Therapeutics
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Extracellular Vesicles: From Basic Research to Therapeutics

A Special Issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354) belonging to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2027 | Viewed by 1859

Editors

Prof. Dr. Yan Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
Interests: human stem cells; three-dimensional multicellular aggregates; extracellular vesicles; bioreactors; neurological disorders
Dr. Li Sun

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
1. Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
Interests: extracellular vesicles; omics; macrophage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous mixture of lipid bilayer-bound sacs (30–1000 nm) that contain various classes of nucleic acids and proteins. EVs are classified into three major classes based on size and cellular origin: apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. Exosomes are the smallest vesicle type, between 30 and 200 nm in size, and considered to be more therapeutically relevant. EVs are packed with signaling proteins and coding/regulatory RNAs, and play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by modulating immune system, senescence, proliferation, and differentiation in various biological processes. EVs can be used as a biomarker, drug delivery carriers, and the cell-free therapeutics. Their cargo and surface can be engineered to enhance the therapeutic effects and the targeting specificity. In addition, the culture conditions and systems can affect the EV yield and cargo profiles, which are characterized by multi-omics analysis. This Special Issue focuses on the role of the EVs in therapeutic treatment of various biological disorders.

Prof. Dr. Yan Li
Guest Editor

Dr. Li Sun
Co-Guest Editor

Dr. Chang Liu
Guest Editor Assistant
Email:
Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Interests: iPSC; Extracellular vesicle; Brain organoid; Bioreactor; Neurological disorder; Alzheimer's disease

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles
  • bioreactors
  • cell–cell interactions
  • bioengineering
  • multi-omics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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27 pages, 3267 KB  
Article
Electrical Stimulation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Schwann Cells for Regulating Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Inflammation
by Danyale Berry, Aakash Nathani, Fernando Carrillo, Abby Scott, Justice Ene, Colin Esmonde, Mandip Singh, Yan Li and Changchun Zeng
Bioengineering 2026, 13(9), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13091025 - 2 Sep 2026
Viewed by 482
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a debilitating condition characterized by chronic pain, numbness, and motor dysfunction, with limited treatment options. Ischemic stroke can cause central neuropathy, which may also induce PN. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have shown promise in therapeutic applications, but limitations [...] Read more.
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a debilitating condition characterized by chronic pain, numbness, and motor dysfunction, with limited treatment options. Ischemic stroke can cause central neuropathy, which may also induce PN. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have shown promise in therapeutic applications, but limitations in cell viability, immune response, and efficacy persist. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which facilitate cell-free intercellular communication, offer a promising alternative for nerve regeneration. Electrical stimulation (ES) has emerged as a method to enhance EV secretion, and this study investigates its potential for promoting EV production from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) and human Schwann cells (hSCs). In this study, hASCs, hSCs, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflamed hSCs were subjected to one hour of low-frequency direct current (DC) electrical stimulation (100 mV/mL) for 7 days. EVs were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation and characterized through nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Gene expression was analyzed via qRT-PCR to evaluate markers associated with EV biogenesis as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our results demonstrate that ES significantly increases EV secretion from both hASCs and hSCs, with a notable upregulation of genes involved in both the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent and ESCRT-independent pathways of EV biogenesis. Additionally, ES modulates inflammation-related markers, promoting anti-inflammatory gene expression and reducing pro-inflammatory gene levels. Notably, LPS-induced hSCs exhibited a phenotype shift from myelinating to non-myelinating cells, producing EVs capable of modulating the inflammatory microenvironment. However, prolonged exposure to ES led to a decrease in EV secretion and changes in EV size distribution, suggesting potential cellular adaptation or membrane stress. This study highlights the potential of ES as a scalable, cell-free strategy to enhance EV production, offering new insights into its therapeutic applications for peripheral neuropathy and nerve regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles: From Basic Research to Therapeutics)
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Review

Jump to: Research

15 pages, 2100 KB  
Review
Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Bioengineering of Extracellular Vesicle Platforms in Cardiovascular Medicine
by Nurittin Ardic and Rasit Dinc
Bioengineering 2026, 13(5), 573; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13050573 - 19 May 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 656
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold significant potential in cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment. However, their clinical applications are limited by challenges such as isolation efficiency, subpopulation heterogeneity, analytical standardization, and manufacturing scalability. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer a computational framework to address [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold significant potential in cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment. However, their clinical applications are limited by challenges such as isolation efficiency, subpopulation heterogeneity, analytical standardization, and manufacturing scalability. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer a computational framework to address these constraints through data-driven platform engineering. This review examines AI-assisted strategies in three interconnected EV platform pillars in cardiovascular medicine. These include: (i) isolation and processing platforms where ML algorithms optimize microfluidic separation and improve signal accuracy; (ii) analytical and diagnostic platforms where deep learning supports single vesicle phenotyping, multi-omics biomarker engineering, and biosensor interpretation; and (iii) therapeutic and manufacturing platforms where AI guides cargo loading, biodistribution estimation, and process control. We also assess key translational challenges, including MISEV2023 compliance, dataset bias, reproducibility, and regulatory alignment. This review positions artificial intelligence as the fundamental layer of the EV bioengineering process, providing a structured framework for advancing EV-based cardiovascular platforms from laboratory research to clinical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles: From Basic Research to Therapeutics)
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