Approaches That Enable Analytical Generalization in Psychological and Sociological Research

A special issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Psychology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2025) | Viewed by 4109

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Interests: novel psychosocial placements for physiotherapy students; understanding the psychological response to chronic and palliative illness; physical activity and neurological disorders; physical activity and severe mental illness
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is essential that research is promoted that is able to create, innovate, and challenge current thinking in psychological and sociological studies. Example methodologies that are able to achieve this include different forms of grounded theory as well as recently developed review types. An example of a type of grounded theory could be the social constructivist grounded theory, which employs qualitative interviews as a way to developing ideas and analytical understanding through methods like constant comparisons where analyses slowly become more abstract. A type of review that has the ability to generate theories could be a social constructivist meta-ethnography. However, this Special Issue encourages different methodologies, methods, and approaches. Both empirical and review-based research like this are able to use cycles of iterative processes that test and develop theories; they use abductive and inductive reasoning to create and innovate findings and ultimately propose new models, processes, and theories for research. However, most of the time, studies may not result in the formation of a theory, so this Special Issue also accepts new ideas or integrative discoveries from the methodologies selected. One of the outputs from these approaches is the ability to create research that exhibits analytical generalization and, with this, makes scientific leaps.

This Special Issue is focused on approaches that have been applied across different groups or populations. The articles for this Special Issue will only be included if they propose a novel process, model, or theory.

Dr. Andrew Soundy
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Behavioral Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • analytical generalization
  • grounded theory
  • innovation
  • creativity
  • review
  • empirical research
  • novel models
  • psychology
  • sociology

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Other

25 pages, 3108 KB  
Article
Exploring Factors Associated with Physical Exercise Participation Among Chinese Adults Based on Explainable Machine Learning Methods
by Tianci Lu, Baole Tao, Hanwen Chen and Jun Yan
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16020233 - 6 Feb 2026
Viewed by 363
Abstract
Background: Insufficient physical exercise is a growing public health concern in China, where only 30.3% of adults exercise regularly. Exploring the key factors associated with physical exercise participation is essential for promoting healthier lifestyles. Method: This study utilized data from the 2021 China [...] Read more.
Background: Insufficient physical exercise is a growing public health concern in China, where only 30.3% of adults exercise regularly. Exploring the key factors associated with physical exercise participation is essential for promoting healthier lifestyles. Method: This study utilized data from the 2021 China General Social Survey (CGSS) to apply a progressive framework of dimensionality reduction, machine learning prediction, and SHAP-based interpretability analysis. A total of 19 potential factors were considered, with LassoCV used for feature selection and multiple models constructed for comparison. Results: The SVM model showed the best predictive performance. SHAP analysis revealed that watching sports events, household registration, educational attainment, subjective well-being, smoking, age, sleep quality, social activities, and residence suitability for physical exercise are the most important factors influencing participation. Higher education, greater subjective well-being, urban residency, frequent sports viewing, and residence suitability for physical exercise were positively associated with participation, while smoking and poor sleep quality were negatively associated with it. Conclusion: This study highlights the value of combining machine learning with interpretability methods to uncover the key predictors of physical exercise. The findings provide new evidence on the social, psychological, and environmental factors associated with Chinese adults’ exercise behavior, offering insights for targeted health promotion strategies. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 307 KB  
Article
Psychometric Validation of the Romanian Version of the Adult Hope Scale (AHS)
by Adriana Camelia Neagu, Sorin Ursoniu, Ion Papava, Iuliana-Anamaria Trăilă, Lavinia Palaghian, Catalina Giurgi-Oncu and Ana-Cristina Bredicean
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 920; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15070920 - 8 Jul 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1435
Abstract
The present study aimed to adapt and validate the Adult Hope Scale (AHS) for the Romanian population, addressing a gap in culturally appropriate instruments for measuring dispositional hope. Based on Snyder’s theoretical model, the AHS was translated, culturally adapted, and administered to 663 [...] Read more.
The present study aimed to adapt and validate the Adult Hope Scale (AHS) for the Romanian population, addressing a gap in culturally appropriate instruments for measuring dispositional hope. Based on Snyder’s theoretical model, the AHS was translated, culturally adapted, and administered to 663 Romanian adults. Psychometric evaluation included internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.84 for the eight positively worded items), test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.39 for the full scale), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and assessments of convergent and discriminant validity. The two-factor model of the scale (agency and pathways) was confirmed, with significant item loadings and a strong correlation between the two latent factors (r = 0.717). Convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations with the Brief Resilience Scale (r = 0.36–0.45), while discriminant validity was indicated by low correlations with the Trait Anxiety Inventory (r = 0.18–0.20). Demographic analyses revealed higher hope levels in women and engineers, with significant differences by gender (p = 0.00018), education (p = 0.031), and profession (p = 0.008). Despite moderate temporal stability and one weakly performing item, the Romanian AHS demonstrates strong psychometric properties, making it a valid and reliable tool for assessing hope in research and clinical settings. Full article

Other

Jump to: Research

28 pages, 1834 KB  
Systematic Review
Exploration of How Uncertainty Tolerance, Emotion Regulation, and Hope Are Linked and Influenced in People with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Worked Example of a Social Constructivist Meta-Ethnography Study
by Justine McMillan and Andrew Soundy
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 1399; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101399 - 15 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1190
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a significant global concern. Its prevalence continues to rise, and current management strategies demonstrate, at best, moderate effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of uncertainty tolerance and how it affects an individual’s [...] Read more.
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a significant global concern. Its prevalence continues to rise, and current management strategies demonstrate, at best, moderate effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of uncertainty tolerance and how it affects an individual’s ability to hope, as well as how both of these factors influence emotion regulation. These concepts are highly relevant for both patients and clinicians during CLBP consultations. A social constructivist meta-ethnographic study—a highly interpretative type of qualitative review—was conducted to generate new theory and provide valuable insights into this unique area of pain management. A framework was followed; its iterative analytical process involves multiple search strategies in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The analysis explored relationships among studies, generated conceptual ideas, and ultimately developed a substantive theory. This review represents the first worked example of a theory generating review process. One model is created to illustrate how individuals with CLBP regulate their emotions; it also considers both the influencing factors and the resulting outcomes of this process. The model identifies pathways leading to either adaptive or maladaptive emotional regulation strategies. Tolerance of uncertainty and ability to hope are key concepts that influence emotion regulation and play a vital role in the physical and psychological well-being of people with CLBP. Further research is required to explore how the model can be operationalised in clinical practice. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop