Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health and Counseling Practices

A special issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X). This special issue belongs to the section "Developmental Psychology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2026 | Viewed by 4144

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Kutztown, PA 19530, USA
Interests: artificial intelligence; digital health; large language models

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Guest Editor
Counseling Department, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
Interests: clinical technology; educational technology; artificial intelligence in supervision; artificial intelligence in clinical work; artificial intelligence in education

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Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
Interests: AI; psychological assessment; precision treatment; eye tracking

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to introduce our forthcoming Special Issue of Behavioral Sciences focused on artificial intelligence in behavioral health. This timely collection explores the intersection between AI technologies and behavioral health assessment, interventions, and treatment.

The rapid evolution of AI has created unprecedented opportunities to enhance mental health care delivery through personalized interventions, predictive analytics, and improved accessibility. This Special Issue will bring together interdisciplinary perspectives from the fields of psychology, psychiatry, computer science, and ethics to examine both the potential benefits and the challenges of AI integration in behavioral health settings.

Key themes will include the following topics:

  • AI-powered screening and assessment tools that can identify early warning signs of mental health conditions;
  • Natural language processing applications for therapeutic conversations and sentiment analysis;
  • Machine learning approaches for treatment personalization and outcome prediction;
  • Ethical considerations around data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the human–AI therapeutic relationship;
  • Implementation frameworks for clinical settings with varying resources and technological capabilities.

The papers in this collection will represent cutting-edge research alongside practical applications already demonstrating efficacy in real-world settings. We are calling for both quantitative studies exploring AI applications and qualitative research examining patient and provider experiences with these emerging technologies. We are also seeking manuscripts that advance clinical understanding of mental health interventions with AI (See Cruz-Gonzalez et al., 2025; Sharma et al., 2024; and Siddals, Torous, & Coxon, 2024).

As behavioral health professions navigate this technological frontier, this Special Issue will serve as both a roadmap for and a critical examination of where AI can meaningfully augment human care and where human connection remains irreplaceable. The ultimate goal is to foster thoughtful integration that amplifies clinical expertise rather than replacing it.

We invite you to engage with these important discussions and contribute to shaping the future of behavioral health care in the age of artificial intelligence.

References

  • Cruz-Gonzalez, P., He, A. W. J., Lam, E. P., Ng, I. M. C., Li, M. W., Hou, R., Chan, J. N., Sahni, Y. J., Guasch, N. V., Miller, T., Lau, B. W., & Vidaña, D. I. S. (2025). Artificial intelligence in mental health care: a systematic review of diagnosis, monitoring, and intervention applications. Psychological Medicine55, e18.
  • Sharma, A., Rushton, K., Lin, I. W., Nguyen, T., & Althoff, T. (2024). Facilitating self-guided mental health interventions through human-language model interaction: A case study of cognitive restructuring. ACM Digital Library, https://dl.acm.org/doi/full/10.1145/3613904.3642761.
  • Siddals, S., Torous, J. & Coxon, A. “It happened to be the perfect thing”: experiences of generative AI chatbots for mental health. npj Mental Health Res 3, 48 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44184-024-00097-4.

Dr. Carl John Sheperis
Dr. Donna Sheperis
Dr. Mikael Rubin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • artificial intelligence
  • mental health
  • machine learning
  • large language models
  • digital health

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 276 KB  
Article
“I Don’t Trust AI”: A Generic Qualitative Analysis of College-Aged Mental Health Clients’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Used in Mental Health Counseling
by Daniel Bates, Carly Antor, Paige Kammeyer, William W. Lorey and Timothy J. Hakenewerth
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16050754 - 12 May 2026
Viewed by 415
Abstract
This qualitative study examined college-aged client perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) in counseling services. AI technologies are beginning to appear in mental health treatment; it is important to understand client voices and perceptions. A generic qualitative descriptive design was used. Fourteen participants with [...] Read more.
This qualitative study examined college-aged client perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) in counseling services. AI technologies are beginning to appear in mental health treatment; it is important to understand client voices and perceptions. A generic qualitative descriptive design was used. Fourteen participants with recent counseling experience were recruited through purposive sampling from university channels. Data was collected via open-ended survey questions and analyzed using a six-phase reflexive thematic analysis. Trustworthiness was established through multiple strategies including peer debriefing, audit trails, reflexivity practices, and prolonged engagement with data. Six major themes emerged: (1) conditional acceptance of AI for non-clinical tasks, (2) concerns about data security and privacy, (3) valuing the human core of counseling, (4) preference for human judgment in crisis situations, (5) expectation of informed consent and transparency, and (6) cautious optimism contingent on evidence and safeguards. Findings suggest that AI implementation in counseling should follow an adjunctive rather than replacement model, with careful attention to maintaining therapeutic alliance and protecting client privacy. Implications for counseling practice, training, and policy development are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health and Counseling Practices)
14 pages, 236 KB  
Article
Learning Through Simulation: Counselor Trainees’ Interactions with ChatGPT as a Client
by Mehmet Akkurt, Rakesh Maurya and Timothy Brown
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1660; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15121660 - 2 Dec 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1641
Abstract
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly explored in counselor education, yet its pedagogical implications remain underexamined. This study investigated counselor trainees’ experiences using ChatGPT (GPT-4o) as a simulated client for role-play practice, aiming to assess its potential benefits and limitations as a supplemental [...] Read more.
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly explored in counselor education, yet its pedagogical implications remain underexamined. This study investigated counselor trainees’ experiences using ChatGPT (GPT-4o) as a simulated client for role-play practice, aiming to assess its potential benefits and limitations as a supplemental training tool. Using qualitative content analysis, AI-simulated counseling session transcripts were coded based on dimensions such as authenticity, emotional expression, consistency, self-awareness, and cultural dynamics. Additionally, a focus group interview provided insights into trainees’ perceptions. Findings indicate that AI simulations offered a psychologically safe, flexible environment for practicing counseling skills, reducing performance anxiety, and fostering confidence before working with real clients. Participants emphasized the importance of detailed prompts to enhance realism and complexity, while noting limitations such as overly agreeable responses, lack of emotional nuance, and cultural neutrality unless explicitly prompted. Overall, trainees viewed AI as a valuable supplement rather than a replacement for live practice. These results suggest that generative AI can enhance experiential learning when integrated thoughtfully with structured guidance, ethical oversight, and culturally responsive design. Future research should explore strategies to improve authenticity and emotional depth in AI simulations to better support counselor competency development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health and Counseling Practices)
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