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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Atmospheric Turbulence: Observations and Models
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Atmospheric Turbulence: Observations and Models

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2022) | Viewed by 5516

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hubert Luce

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
Interests: radar techniques; in situ measurements; atmospheric turbulence; small-scale dynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Atmospheric turbulence is rather ubiquitous both inside and above the planetary boundary layer. It has been the subject of numerous theoretical, experimental, observational and numerical studies, with very different scientific approaches and cultures. Nevertheless, turbulence properties in the atmosphere are still insufficiently documented, and the impact of turbulence on various aspects (e.g., its contribution to vertical transport in stably stratified conditions) are poorly quantified. This is because of its numerous manifestations and sources at various scales. Whether intermittent or continuous, convectively or shear-generated, very localized at the edges of fair weather cumulus clouds or spread out in upper-level frontal zones, from the atmospheric boundary layer up to the mesosphere, atmospheric turbulence requires special attention because it affects human life and activities in important ways, including aviation safety, light and radio wave propagation and communications, the life cycle of clouds, air pollutant transport, and numerical weather and climate forecasts.

The synergistic use of observations and models is essential for improving our knowledge on turbulence. Ground-based remote sensing (e.g., radars, lidars, sodars, scidars) and in situ (e.g., balloons, aircrafts, kites, unmanned aerial vehicles) observations are fundamental ingredients for developing new theories and improving numerical models. Conversely, theoretical and numerical models are necessary for retrieving information from turbulence measurements and for understanding turbulence dynamics.

The journal Atmosphere proposes a Special Issue on studies combining experimental approaches based on remote sensing and/or in situ techniques and modelling (in a broad sense) of atmospheric turbulence, all the way from the atmospheric boundary layer to the upper atmosphere. Original contributions with new or improved techniques and modelling approaches or review papers on recent studies are welcome.   

Dr. Hubert Luce
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • atmospheric turbulence
  • remote sensing observations
  • in situ observations
  • turbulence parameter modelling
  • atmospheric turbulence model
  • new observation techniques
  • gravity waves and turbulence
  • clouds and turbulence
  • stratified turbulence
  • boundary layer turbulence

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 8743 KiB  
Article
Aviation Turbulence Forecasting over the Portuguese Flight Information Regions: Algorithm and Objective Verification
by Margarida Belo-Pereira
Atmosphere 2022, 13(3), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030422 - 05 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2370
Abstract
Aviation turbulence remains one of the leading causes of weather-related aviation accidents. Therefore, turbulence prediction is a major concern of aviation forecasters. This paper describes the turbulence index (TURBIPMA) developed and used operationally at the Portuguese Institute of Sea and [...] Read more.
Aviation turbulence remains one of the leading causes of weather-related aviation accidents. Therefore, turbulence prediction is a major concern of aviation forecasters. This paper describes the turbulence index (TURBIPMA) developed and used operationally at the Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), based on several diagnostics derived from ECMWF forecasts, using a new calibration approach. The forecast skill of the TURBIPMA and of individual diagnostics are evaluated using turbulence observations over the Portuguese Flight Information Regions and surrounding areas, for 12 months between February 2020 and March 2021 (excluding May and June). The forecasting skill of the predictors is discussed in terms of the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, which is widely applied, but also in terms of novel measures such as the Symmetric Extremal Dependence Index (SEDI) and Symmetric Extreme Dependency Score (SEDS). The new measures are particularly relevant in assessing forecasts of rare events, such as moderate-or-greater turbulence. The operational index outperforms individual diagnostics (such as Ellrod) in terms of all verification measures. Furthermore, the use of a new Richardson number function was proven to be beneficial. Finally, the turbulence prediction by IPMA was comparable to that of the London WAFC for one turbulence episode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Turbulence: Observations and Models)
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19 pages, 11349 KiB  
Article
Mid-Latitude Detection of High Schmidt-Number Turbulent Echoes, and Comparison to PMSE and Geomagnetic Variations
by Wayne K. Hocking and Victoria L. Pinnegar
Atmosphere 2022, 13(3), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030396 - 28 Feb 2022
Viewed by 2086
Abstract
Unexpected observations of strong radiowave scatter at a ~85–90 km altitude with very high frequency radars were explained in the early 1990s, when it was demonstrated that these were due to special turbulent and small-scale scatterers with high Schmidt number. Studies of these [...] Read more.
Unexpected observations of strong radiowave scatter at a ~85–90 km altitude with very high frequency radars were explained in the early 1990s, when it was demonstrated that these were due to special turbulent and small-scale scatterers with high Schmidt number. Studies of these phenomena have primarily been concentrated in polar regions, and the events seem most prominent in regions of very cold air (below 140 K). Such radar echoes are referred to as polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE), and are rare at lower latitudes. In this paper we report observations of similar scatterers at sites below 50° latitude. The nature of these scatterers is discussed and results are compared to observations at the polar site of Eureka, Canada. Mid-latitude observations at frequencies of 48.92 and 45.47 MHz were made, respectively, at Abitibi Canyon (49.9° N latitude) and Markstay (46.5° N latitude) in Ontario, Canada. In particular, we look at the relationship of these scatterers to geophysical parameters, especially the Ap index. Our results suggest that mesospheric air with temperatures less than 140 K now exists below 50° latitude. This may be an indication of an equator-ward creep of global mesospheric cooling (which is associated with the well-known tropospheric global warming), but the scatterers at lower latitudes also demonstrate correlation with the Ap index. On the other hand, the polar scatterers at Eureka demonstrated no correlation of any significance with Ap. The importance of these results in regard to the global distribution of mesospheric temperatures is discussed, and comparisons to other measurements are made. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Turbulence: Observations and Models)
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