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Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment: Monitoring, Modeling and Mitigation Under Climate...
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Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment: Monitoring, Modeling and Mitigation Under Climate Change

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2027 | Viewed by 3563

Editors

Dr. Chuan Jin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
Interests: forests; evapotranspiration; photosynthesis
Dr. Guojiao Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
Interests: reactions of terrestrial ecosystems to global change; biodiversity; ecosystem functions
Dr. Licong Dai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
Interests: ecological hydrological processes; soil water conservation functions; plant water use strategies; global changes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Agricultural ecosystems are fundamental to global food security and play a complex role in Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. They act as both a source and a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and practices for their management significantly influence regional water, energy, and climate balance. Cropping system, irrigation practice, soil health, phenological stage, and extreme weather events all impact the capacity of agroecosystems for carbon sequestration, coping with greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change adaptation and mitigation. This Special Issue aims to advance our understanding of the interactions between agricultural ecosystems and the atmosphere, as well as agriculture’s level of resilience to a changing climate. We welcome original research articles and reviews on the interactions between agricultural ecosystems and the atmosphere, including, but not limited to, crop productivity, evapotranspiration, agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, land use change, and agroecology, as well as their spatial and temporal variation.

We look forward to receiving your contributions to this Special Issue.

Dr. Chuan Jin
Dr. Guojiao Yang
Dr. Licong Dai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • agroecosystems
  • grassland
  • carbon cycle
  • greenhouse gas fluxes
  • evapotranspiration
  • remote sensing
  • climate change
  • soil carbon
  • water use efficiency
  • ecological model
  • flux tower
  • machine learning
  • process-based modeling

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 5468 KB  
Article
Factors Influencing Carbon and Nitrogen Emissions Induced by Freeze–Thaw Collapse in Altai Mountain Peatlands
by Chongru Shi, Yanhong Li and Rui Zheng
Atmosphere 2026, 17(8), 752; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17080752 - 31 Jul 2026
Viewed by 340
Abstract
Permafrost peatlands in high-altitude regions store substantial amounts of organic carbon, yet the biogeochemical consequences of thermokarst collapse remain poorly understood. Using a space-for-time substitution approach, we selected four habitats representing a thermokarst development sequence in the Altai Mountains peatlands—slightly collapsed peat mounds [...] Read more.
Permafrost peatlands in high-altitude regions store substantial amounts of organic carbon, yet the biogeochemical consequences of thermokarst collapse remain poorly understood. Using a space-for-time substitution approach, we selected four habitats representing a thermokarst development sequence in the Altai Mountains peatlands—slightly collapsed peat mounds (P1), severely collapsed peat mounds (P2), thawed herbaceous peat (PB1), and thermokarst ponds (PB2)—and conducted in situ greenhouse gas flux monitoring, soil physicochemical analysis, enzyme activity assays, and structural equation modeling. We found that thermokarst development fundamentally altered the greenhouse gas source–sink balance through three interconnected mechanisms. First, CO2 fluxes shifted from net emission in P1 (684.1 mg m−2 h−1) to net uptake in PB2 (−25.6 mg m−2 h−1), driven primarily by the oxidative loss of mineral-associated organic carbon in the 40–60 cm layer (71.3% loss), whereas lateral dissolved organic carbon export accounted for only 12.3% of total carbon loss. Second, CH4 fluxes in PB2 (3.8 ± 0.7 mg m−2 h−1) reached approximately 43% of the theoretical maximum, with this suppression associated with phosphorus limitation (total phosphorus < 0.05 g kg−1) and a marked reduction in alkaline phosphatase activity. Third, N2O uptake increased along the thaw sequence to −28.6 μg m−2 h−1 in PB2, with the 40–80 cm layer contributing 42% more than the surface layer. This increase in N2O uptake occurred when the soil C/N ratio exceeded 300, a threshold that reflects the substantial stoichiometric imbalance between carbon and nitrogen following thermokarst development. These findings demonstrate that the transition from peat mounds to thermokarst ponds alters the net greenhouse gas source–sink balance through changes in MAOC stability, phosphorus availability, and carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry. Our results provide empirical constraints for evaluating carbon-climate feedbacks in cold-region peatlands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment: Monitoring, Modeling and Mitigation Under Climate Change)
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26 pages, 16618 KB  
Article
Sentinel-2-Based Monitoring and Projection of Lake Burdur Shrinkage in a Climate-Sensitive Semi-Arid Agricultural Basin Using Centroid Kinematics and Robust Trend Modeling
by Muzaffer Göztaş, Nida Oruç Ünal, Doğan Yıldız and Dursun Yıldız
Atmosphere 2026, 17(8), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17080710 - 23 Jul 2026
Viewed by 272
Abstract
In this study, changes in the surface area of Lake Burdur during the 2015–2025 period and the spatial direction of the associated shrinkage were examined using Sentinel-2 Level-2A satellite images. A total of 111 satellite images, each representing a monthly period, were analyzed [...] Read more.
In this study, changes in the surface area of Lake Burdur during the 2015–2025 period and the spatial direction of the associated shrinkage were examined using Sentinel-2 Level-2A satellite images. A total of 111 satellite images, each representing a monthly period, were analyzed using a fixed study window and a lake vicinity mask; a three-cluster unsupervised K-means segmentation method was applied to separate the water surface from bare/drained areas and vegetation classes. The resulting binary water masks were used to convert the lake surface area to km2 on a pixel-by-pixel basis, and the geometric center of the lake mass was calculated for each observation date. The unique aspect of this study is that it evaluates lake shrinkage not only through a decrease in surface area but also as a directional spatial process via the movement of the centroid center. In this context, the cumulative displacement was decomposed into X/West and Y/South components using the initial centroid point as a reference; OLS-based linear and logarithmic trend models were established for both directions. Model performances were compared using a 15-fold Monte Carlo cross-validation approach with R2, adjusted R2, NSE, KGE, MAE, MAPE, MSE, and RMSE metrics; additionally, the statistical significance of model differences was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The findings indicate that the logarithmic model yields more balanced and reliable results in the X/West direction, while the linear model does so in the Y/South direction. Based on this model structure, spatial projections were generated for the 2026–2035 period, and it was observed that the projection bands remained stable despite Monte Carlo-based coefficient uncertainty. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that lake drawdowns in semi-arid closed basins can be monitored in a more interpretable and statistically robust manner using Sentinel-2-based segmentation, centroid kinematics, and cross-validated trend modeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment: Monitoring, Modeling and Mitigation Under Climate Change)
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15 pages, 2892 KB  
Article
Interactive Effects of Elevated CO2, Temperature and Drought on Wheat–Aphid Dynamics
by Amina Javed, Muhammad Nauman Ahmad, Shahen Shah, Michael Eickermann, Matteo Ripamonti, Pauline Seeburger and Jürgen Junk
Atmosphere 2026, 17(5), 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17050498 - 14 May 2026
Viewed by 452
Abstract
The study assessed the impact of climate change, aphid infestation and drought stress on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the performance of English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) under abiotic stress in controlled environmental conditions. To understand wheat and aphid [...] Read more.
The study assessed the impact of climate change, aphid infestation and drought stress on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the performance of English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) under abiotic stress in controlled environmental conditions. To understand wheat and aphid interactions under different climatic condition, wheat plants were grown in controlled climatic chambers simulating present (400 ppm CO2, 19.8 °C, RH 69.2%) and future (700 ppm CO2, 23.4 °C, RH 67.5%) scenarios, combined with biotic stress (aphid) and abiotic stress (drought). Climate change effects combined with other stress factors are expected to alter crop physiology and insect biology. The results showed that aphid performance was significantly enhanced under future climatic conditions, with higher fecundity (56%), and a shortened or faster developmental time. As for wheat structural growth, above-ground biomass improved by up to 80% under future climate. However, its physiological efficiency, water content and photosynthetic efficiency were significantly reduced under the combined biotic and abiotic stresses. The study demonstrates that climate change may increase wheat plant growth under controlled conditions, yet it simultaneously boosts the shift in pest attacks and intensifies stress impacts, which eventually threaten wheat productivity. The findings emphasize the improvement of wheat varieties and pest-resistant strains capable of withstanding future climatic conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment: Monitoring, Modeling and Mitigation Under Climate Change)
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15 pages, 2764 KB  
Article
How Variations in Photosynthetically Active Radiation Affect Vegetation Carbon–Water Coupling Processes: A Study Based on the Vegetation Microclimate Process (VMcP) Model
by Yu Wang, Shufan Li, Xiufeng Sun, Yan Xu and Junru Yan
Atmosphere 2026, 17(3), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17030238 - 25 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 607
Abstract
Vegetation physiological processes are critical regulators of terrestrial carbon–water cycles and local microclimate dynamics, with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) serving as a primary driving force. However, most vegetation–climate process models simplify the fraction of PAR in global solar radiation as a [...] Read more.
Vegetation physiological processes are critical regulators of terrestrial carbon–water cycles and local microclimate dynamics, with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) serving as a primary driving force. However, most vegetation–climate process models simplify the fraction of PAR in global solar radiation as a constant 50%, potentially introducing diurnal simulation biases that propagate into cumulative annual errors in vegetation carbon–water coupling estimates. To address this limitation, we first evaluated the performance of three empirical models for simulating the dynamic PAR fraction and integrated the most accurate model into the Vegetation Microclimate Process (VMcP) model, and further used typical meteorological year (TMY) data of Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen as input to compare the differences in vegetation carbon–water processes before and after the improvement. The results show that the diurnal variation range of PAR fraction in global solar radiation is between 39% and 58%. The existing models that neglect the dynamic changes in PAR may overestimate vegetation transpiration cooling and photosynthetic carbon sequestration by 2.3% and 3.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, Shenzhen (64.3 W/m2; 1.59 g/m2·d), characterized by favorable light and thermal conditions, is more prone to large errors compared with Shanghai (47.6 W/m2; 1.21 g/m2·d) and Beijing (39.5 W/m2; 0.93 g/m2·d). This study provides a novel tool for the accurate assessment of vegetation-mediated microclimate improvement, and offers a new perspective for nature-based climate solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment: Monitoring, Modeling and Mitigation Under Climate Change)
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17 pages, 3523 KB  
Article
Characteristics and Driving Mechanisms of Net Ecosystem Productivity in a Subtropical Moso Bamboo Forest Based on XGBoost
by Kun Zhao, Cheng Li, Huifang Liu, Xiaoyi Hua, Boxuan Duan, Manyi Li, Wenjing Chen and Chuan Jin
Atmosphere 2026, 17(2), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17020158 - 31 Jan 2026
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1080
Abstract
As a critical agroforestry crop in Southern China, Moso bamboo, maintains regional timber security and bamboo shoot production, with its net ecosystem productivity (NEP) directly determining dry matter accumulation and economic yield. This study integrates 2024 continuous flux observations with XGBoost and SHAP [...] Read more.
As a critical agroforestry crop in Southern China, Moso bamboo, maintains regional timber security and bamboo shoot production, with its net ecosystem productivity (NEP) directly determining dry matter accumulation and economic yield. This study integrates 2024 continuous flux observations with XGBoost and SHAP explanations to characterize the subtropical bamboo forest carbon budget and its nonlinear driving mechanisms. The results show a weak carbon sink in 2024 with an annual cumulative NEP of 120 g C m−2, as high respiration of 860 g C m−2 limited organic matter conversion by consuming nearly 88% of the 980 g C m−2 total primary production. The peak production period during May and June was offset by growth stagnation in August, caused by extreme heat and drought. Net radiation served as the primary driver, with a positive contribution threshold of 75.28 W m−2, whereas precipitation exceeding 1.85 mm or air temperatures over 17.85 °C hindered carbon accumulation through radiation attenuation and metabolic heat loss. Strong radiation–precipitation interactions confirm that water’s impacts on yield are deeply contingent upon radiation backgrounds. These nonlinear regulatory pathways provide a scientific foundation for stabilizing bamboo forest productivity through synergistic water-radiation management and structural optimization during extreme climate events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment: Monitoring, Modeling and Mitigation Under Climate Change)
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