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Advanced Plant Biotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture—2nd Edition

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Agricultural Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 3370

Special Issue Editors

Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, China
Interests: irrigation water use; regulated and deficit irrigation; drip and sprinkler irrigation; remote sensing in agriculture
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Guest Editor
Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, China
Interests: plant nutrition; plant regulation; fertigation system; greenhouse gases emission; crop production
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advanced plant biotechnology includes a series of innovative, scientific, and technical methods applied to guarantee food security. Currently, food security has been facing a variety of challenges, including growing populations, water shortages, yield stagnation, climate change, and the frequent incidence of biotic and abiotic stresses, posing a severe threat to sustainable agriculture. In recent years, grain yields have nearly approached the ceiling of maximum yield potential under conventional technology, while advanced biotechnology, including genetic breeding engineering, cropping system strategies, remote sensing technology, disease detection and prevention, smart irrigation and fertilization, bioregulation, plant transformation, etc., has emerged and developed to make plants resistant to droughts, floods, pests and diseases, and other abiotic as well as biotic stresses. Advanced biotechnology in sustainable agriculture should effectively improve global agricultural productivity, guarantee food security, and alleviate human poverty. This Special Issue, “Advanced Plant Biotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture—2nd Edition”, aims to provide an overview of the latest developments in major fields of advanced plant biotechnology. With its paramount importance in achieving the dual goals of high-quality food production and effective environmental protection, we welcome original research articles and reviews concerning all aspects related to advanced plant biotechnology in sustainable agriculture.

Dr. Anzhen Qin
Dr. Dongfeng Ning
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • genetic engineering
  • cropping systems
  • smart fertigation
  • remote sensing
  • climate change

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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20 pages, 9075 KB  
Article
CatBoost Improves Inversion Accuracy of Plant Water Status in Winter Wheat Using Ratio Vegetation Index
by Bingyan Dong, Shouchen Ma, Zhenhao Gao and Anzhen Qin
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(21), 11363; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152111363 - 23 Oct 2025
Viewed by 574
Abstract
The accurate monitoring of crop water status is critical for optimizing irrigation strategies in winter wheat. Compared with satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology offers superior spatial resolution, temporal flexibility, and controllable data acquisition, making it an ideal choice for the [...] Read more.
The accurate monitoring of crop water status is critical for optimizing irrigation strategies in winter wheat. Compared with satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology offers superior spatial resolution, temporal flexibility, and controllable data acquisition, making it an ideal choice for the small-scale monitoring of crop water status. During 2023–2025, field experiments were conducted to predict crop water status using UAV images in the North China Plain (NCP). Thirteen vegetation indices were calculated and their correlations with observed crop water content (CWC) and equivalent water thickness (EWT) were analyzed. Four machine learning (ML) models, namely, random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), LightGBM, and CatBoost, were evaluated for their inversion accuracy with regard to CWC and EWT in the 2024–2025 growing season of winter wheat. The results show that the ratio vegetation index (RVI, NIR/R) exhibited the strongest correlation with CWC (R = 0.97) during critical growth stages. Among the ML models, CatBoost demonstrated superior performance, achieving R2 values of 0.992 (CWC) and 0.962 (EWT) in training datasets, with corresponding RMSE values of 0.012% and 0.1907 g cm−2, respectively. The model maintained robust performance in testing (R2 = 0.893 for CWC, and R2 = 0.961 for EWT), outperforming conventional approaches like RF and DT. High-resolution (5 cm) inversion maps successfully identified spatial variability in crop water status across experimental plots. The CatBoost-RVI framework proved particularly effective during the booting and flowering stages, providing reliable references for precision irrigation management in the NCP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Plant Biotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture—2nd Edition)
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23 pages, 1926 KB  
Article
Photosynthetic Parameters of Melons in Response to NO3 and NH4+ as N Sources and Irrigation with Brackish Water High in Na+, Ca2+, and Cl
by Guilherme Ferreira de Brito, Edivan Rodrigues de Souza, Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de Almeida, Geovani Soares de Lima, Thieres George Freire da Silva, Marcos Vinícius da Silva, Maria Beatriz Ferreira, Ênio Farias de França e Silva, Daniel da Costa Dantas and José Amilton Santos Júnior
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(17), 9601; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179601 - 31 Aug 2025
Viewed by 857
Abstract
High levels of dissolved salts in irrigation water sources limit melon cultivation in northeastern Brazil. In this context, nitrogen fertilization has been employed as one strategy to alleviate the effects of salt stress on plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of [...] Read more.
High levels of dissolved salts in irrigation water sources limit melon cultivation in northeastern Brazil. In this context, nitrogen fertilization has been employed as one strategy to alleviate the effects of salt stress on plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen sources on cantaloupe melon cultivation under fertigation and irrigation with water of the same salinity and different cationic concentrations (Na+ and Ca+). The research consisted of two experiments, each following a randomized complete block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with four replicates. The treatments included four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution (2.0; 3.0; 4.0; and 5.0 dS m−1) and two nitrogen sources of different origins: NO3 [Ca(NO3) and KNO3] and NH4+ [CH4N2O and NH4H2PO4]. The following factors were chlorophyll pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and fruit weight. Nitrogen fertilization with NH4+ mitigated salt stress by increasing the synthesis of chlorophyll a and carotenoids in plants irrigated with NaCl-based saline water. Furthermore, there was no influence of nitrogen sources on chlorophyll a fluorescence. Finally, NO3 fertilization reduced the effects of salt stress on the leaf mass ratio, specific leaf area under Ca2+ fertigation, and relative growth rate of leaf area in melons under cationic prevalences of Na+ or Ca2+ (associated with Cl). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Plant Biotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture—2nd Edition)
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10 pages, 727 KB  
Brief Report
An Efficient Rice Virus-Induced Gene Silencing System Mediated by Wheat Dwarf Virus
by Yaqian Zhang, Xiaowan Zhang, Lu Yu, Yijie Yan, Senzhen Zhu, Wanting Huang, Xian Zhang, Cong Dang and Dawei Xue
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(11), 5818; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15115818 - 22 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1240
Abstract
The virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique can effectively inhibit systemic viral infection by down-regulating plant endogenous gene expression, and it has become an important tool to study plant gene function. However, few studies have reported that wheat dwarf virus (WDV), which enables high-throughput [...] Read more.
The virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique can effectively inhibit systemic viral infection by down-regulating plant endogenous gene expression, and it has become an important tool to study plant gene function. However, few studies have reported that wheat dwarf virus (WDV), which enables high-throughput gene silencing, could be used in a rice VIGS system. In this study, a VIGS vector system was constructed based on WDV, and successfully silenced the Phytoene desaturase gene and the rice blast resistance gene Pi21 in rice. Pi21-silenced plants showed significantly increased resistance to rice blast, significantly reduced lesion area, and did not show high disease symptoms (grade 8–9). In addition, the WDV vector has the advantages of rapid infection, high proliferation, and an unconformity genome, and has little influence on rice growth and development. This study validates the effectiveness of the WDV-VIGS system in rice gene function studies and provides a new gene silencing tool for blast resistance breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Plant Biotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture—2nd Edition)
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