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Applied Sciences
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Novel Approaches for Earthquake and Land Subsidence Prediction
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Novel Approaches for Earthquake and Land Subsidence Prediction

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2024) | Viewed by 1600

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Michele Placido Antonio Gatto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering, and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
Interests: geotechnical seismic isolation; triggering of rainfall-induced shallow landslides; MATLAB; machine learning; finite element modelling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Earthquakes represent one of the most devastating and destructive dangers to the built environment. They are responsible for damage to people and buildings, and have secondary effects on the environment, such as ground settlement, lateral ground displacement, liquefaction, landslides, rock falls, tsunamis, floods, fires, and falling debris, causing huge losses. One of the largest earthquake-induced phenomena is land subsidence, consisting of the lowering of the ground level because of the densification of sand and gravel layers due to shaking and liquefaction.

Due to the significant economic and social impacts of such phenomena, there is an increasing need to mitigate their effects through, e.g., passive methods enabling prediction and identification based on continuous monitoring.

AI-based geospatial data analysis, advanced geospatial sensing, processing, imaging technologies, and remote sensing technologies such as laser radar, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), radar interferometry (InSAR) and GPS can detect the changes in the Earth with high accuracy; they are more widely used for land subsidence and earthquake studies, including long-term risk assessment and monitoring, prediction and early warning.

This Special Issue aims to collect contributions exploring advances in earthquake prediction and land subsidence, including, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Land subsidence;
  • Rock mechanics;
  • Monitoring;
  • Geodesy;
  • Remote sensing;
  • GIS;
  • Earthquake prediction;
  • Earthquake hazard monitoring;
  • Earthquake forecasting;
  • Earthquake risk analysis;
  • Geospatial data analysis;
  • Hazard assessment;
  • Earthquake early warning.

Dr. Michele Placido Antonio Gatto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 26264 KiB  
Article
Coseismic Slip and Downdip Afterslip Associated with the 2021 Maduo Earthquake Revealed by Sentinel-1 A/B Data
by Yang He, Zhen Tian, Lina Su, Hongwu Feng, Wenhua Yan and Yongqi Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6771; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156771 - 2 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1085
Abstract
On 22 May 2021, an earthquake (98.3° E and 34.59° N) struck Maduo town in Qinghai province, occurring along a relatively obscure secondary fault within the block. We utilized 105 archived Sentinel-1A/B acquisitions to investigate the coseismic deformation and the evolution of postseismic [...] Read more.
On 22 May 2021, an earthquake (98.3° E and 34.59° N) struck Maduo town in Qinghai province, occurring along a relatively obscure secondary fault within the block. We utilized 105 archived Sentinel-1A/B acquisitions to investigate the coseismic deformation and the evolution of postseismic displacements in both the temporal and spatial domains, as well as the associated dynamic mechanisms of the 2021 Maduo earthquake. The interference fringes and coseismic deformation revealed that the primary feature of this event was the rupture along a left-lateral strike-slip fault. The released seismic moment was close to 1.88 × 1020 N·m, which is equivalent to an Mw 7.45 event. Simultaneously, the maximum coseismic slip reached approximately 4 m along the fault plane. The evolution of postseismic displacements in both the temporal and spatial domains over 450 days following the mainshock was further analyzed to explore the underlying physical mechanisms. Generally, the patterns of coseismic slip and afterslip were similar, although the postseismic displacements decayed rapidly over time. The modeled afterslip downdip of the coseismic rupture (at depths of 15–40 km) effectively explains the postseismic deformation, with a released moment estimated at 4.57 × 1019 N·m (corresponding to Mw 7.04). Additionally, we found that regions with high coseismic slip tend to exhibit weak seismicity, and that afterslip and aftershocks are likely driven by each other. Finally, we estimated the Coulomb Failure Stress changes (ΔCFS) triggered by both coseismic rupture and aseismic slip resulting from this event. The co- and postseismic ΔCFS show similar patterns, but the magnitude of the postseismic ΔCFS is much lower (≤0.01 MPa). We found that ΔCFS notably increased on the Yushu segment of the Garze-Yushu-Xianshuihe Fault (GYXF), as well as the Maqin–Maqu and Tuosuo Lake sections of the East Kunlun Fault (EKF). Therefore, we infer that these fault segments may have a higher potential seismic risk and should be carefully monitored in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches for Earthquake and Land Subsidence Prediction)
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