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Applied Sciences
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Next Steps for the Production of Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine
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Next Steps for the Production of Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanotechnology and Applied Nanosciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2023) | Viewed by 13153

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lionel Maurizi

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Guest Editor
Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS—Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, CEDEX, 21000 Dijon, France
Interests: nanoparticles; elaboration; surface characterizations; surface functionalization; scale-up; biological interactions of nanoparticles; protein corona
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For the last two decades, nanotechnology has allowed the use of singular physicochemical properties of materials at the nanoscale. This area is becoming more and more promising, especially in solving long-standing biomedical issues.

Nanoparticles (NPs) in particular have become the most important components in nanotechnology thanks to their small sizes leading to new and original physicochemical properties. Furthermore, NPs’ surfaces can usually be modified to improve stability, targeting or biological efficacy.

Despite many interesting developments of nanoparticles in the biomedical field, especially in diagnosis, therapy and theranostics have occurred, lacking control and scaling-up of their syntheses’ processes may have put the brakes on the improvement of nanomedical solutions.

To produce and use as soon as possible nanoparticles in medicine, material scientists should also meet pharmaceutical criteria such as biocompatible formulations, scaled-up production and good manufacturing practices.

This Special Issue is willing to gather recent advances in nanomedical applications and on new synthesis routes to produce nanoparticles in larger and better quantities. The format of welcomed articles includes full papers, communications, and reviews.

Dr. Lionel Maurizi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanoparticles
  • formulation
  • scale-up production
  • GMP synthesis
  • safer by design approach

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2580 KiB  
Article
Hydrothermal Preparation of Faceted Vesicles Made of Span 40 and Tween 40 and Their Characterization
by Toshinori Shimanouchi, Yui Komori, Kazuki Toramoto, Keita Hayashi, Kazuma Yasuhara, Ho-Sup Jung and Yukitaka Kimura
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 6893; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13126893 - 7 Jun 2023
Viewed by 879
Abstract
The Span 40 (sorbitan monooleate)/Tween 40 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) system gives faceted vesicles with angular surfaces, rather than spherical vesicles. Herein, a continuous and facile preparation method, based on the subcritical water-assisted emulsification and solvent diffusion, was presented to yield faceted vesicles with [...] Read more.
The Span 40 (sorbitan monooleate)/Tween 40 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) system gives faceted vesicles with angular surfaces, rather than spherical vesicles. Herein, a continuous and facile preparation method, based on the subcritical water-assisted emulsification and solvent diffusion, was presented to yield faceted vesicles with two major and minor axes (Type A) and vesicles closer to a polyhedron (Type B). Type A, rather than Type B, vesicles were likely to be formed. From the measurements concerning ζ-potential, membrane fluidity, and the polarization environment of the membranes, faceted vesicles could be obtained at 0.25 wt% of the surfactant concentration. The phase-separated behavior of Span 40 and Tween 40 within vesicle membranes could explain the structural feature of faceted vesicles and calcein leakage behavior. The significant advantage is that Type A vesicles would be utilized as alternative drug carriers for others with low encapsulation efficiency, although the present technical limitations cause difficulty in the selective formation of Type A and B vesicles and the selection of adequate solvent to accelerate the solvent diffusion step. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next Steps for the Production of Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine)
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10 pages, 2879 KiB  
Article
Size Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Olive Mill Wastewater in THP-1 Cell Lines
by Valeria De Matteis, Anna Griego, Edoardo Scarpa, Mariafrancesca Cascione, Jagpreet Singh and Loris Rizzello
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 6033; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106033 - 14 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1066
Abstract
The constant demand of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for different applications requires a new selection of solvents and reagents for their synthesis, to make them less toxic to living organisms and the environment. Among the alternative technologies that can be used to exclude the [...] Read more.
The constant demand of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for different applications requires a new selection of solvents and reagents for their synthesis, to make them less toxic to living organisms and the environment. Among the alternative technologies that can be used to exclude the use of toxic products, green chemistry is based on the employment of biomolecules derived from plants or microorganisms to achieve NPs. Therefore, with the aim of applying the principles of circular economy, the waste deriving from the production of olive oil represents a useful source of polyphenols to be used as reduction agents to obtain AgNPs. In our work, we employed the Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW), the so-called vegetation water typical of the Mediterranean geographical area, to achieve two sizes of AgNPs, i.e., 50 nm and 30 nm. These NPs were tested on the human monocytic cell line (THP-1) using two concentrations (3 µM and 5 µM) to understand their ability to trigger or not the inflammatory response. This was undertaken following IL-6, IL-8, IL-5 and TNF-α secretion and the NF-kB translocation. We concluded that the AgNPs did not induce strong activation of these pathways, especially when the cells were treated with higher dimensional NPs. Consequently, the application of these NPs in vivo for therapeutic purpose could be significant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next Steps for the Production of Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine)
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10 pages, 2234 KiB  
Article
Variations in Gold Nanoparticle Size on DNA Damage: A Monte Carlo Study Based on a Multiple-Particle Model Using Electron Beams
by Christine A. Santiago and James C. L. Chow
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4916; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084916 - 14 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6301
Abstract
Research is currently focused on maximizing cancer cell death while minimizing harm to healthy cells. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been extensively studied as a radiosensitizer to improve cancer cell death while sparing normal tissue. Previous research and simulations have demonstrated that the presence [...] Read more.
Research is currently focused on maximizing cancer cell death while minimizing harm to healthy cells. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been extensively studied as a radiosensitizer to improve cancer cell death while sparing normal tissue. Previous research and simulations have demonstrated that the presence of a single GNP increases DNA damage and dose. In this study, a Monte Carlo simulation using the Geant4-DNA code was used to investigate the effects of multiple GNPs on DNA damage when exposed to electron beams with energies of 50, 100, 150, and 200 keV. The study examined DNA damage caused by 1–4 GNPs of the same total volume by analyzing both single- and double-strand breaks. The results indicate that increasing the number of GNPs and decreasing the electron beam energy increases the total number of strand breaks. Although DNA damage increased, the proportion of double-strand breaks remained unchanged in relation to the total number of strand breaks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next Steps for the Production of Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine)
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21 pages, 2397 KiB  
Article
Production and Characterization of a β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex with Platonia insignis Seed Extract as a Proposal for a Gastroprotective System
by Juliana Lima Nascimento, Angélica Gomes Coelho, Ytallo Samuel Oliveira Barros, Irisdalva Sousa Oliveira, Francilene Vieira da Silva, Ana Flávia Seraine Custódio Viana, Bruno Quirino Araújo, Márcio dos Santos Rocha, Francisco das Chagas Pereira de Andrade, Celma de Oliveira Barbosa, Hélio de Barros Fernandes, Anderson Nogueira Mendes, Joaquim Soares da Costa-Júnior, Rita de Cássia Meneses Oliveira, Massimo Lucarini, Alessandra Durazzo, Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo and Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes Citó
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010058 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2197
Abstract
Platonia insignis Mart, Clusiaceae, known as bacuri, is a species native to Brazil that, in studies with extract of the seed of its fruit, showed antioxidant activity against free radicals. Products with such properties may be of great importance in the treatment [...] Read more.
Platonia insignis Mart, Clusiaceae, known as bacuri, is a species native to Brazil that, in studies with extract of the seed of its fruit, showed antioxidant activity against free radicals. Products with such properties may be of great importance in the treatment of peptic ulcers since this pathology may be associated with the inflammatory process caused by the action of free radicals. Cyclodextrins are molecules capable of forming inclusion complexes with other molecules, affecting their physicochemical properties and improving their pharmacokinetic characteristics. Thus, this work aimed to produce, characterize, and evaluate the gastroprotective effect of the inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with the bacuri seeds hexanic extract (BSHE). In the characterization of the inclusion complex, an apparent stability constant (Kc) of 416 mol/L was obtained in the solubility study; the BSHE:β-CD m/m (g) complexation ratios at 1:9, 2:8, and 3:7 were 5.51%, 21.46%, and 20.11%, respectively. The formation of the BSHE:β-CD inclusion complex was observed by FTIR technique, indicating the disappearance of bands characteristic of BSHE (2960 cm−1 and 1755 cm−1) when in the complex, compared to the spectra of pure BSHE or in physical mixture with β-CD, and by X-ray diffraction, which indicated a loss of crystallinity, typical signals of pure β-CD, and presentation of intense amorphization, characteristic of BSHE, incorporated in the β-CD pockets. In the evaluation of gastroprotective activity, through absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice, both BSHE and BSHE:β-CD reduced gastric lesions, with 100 mg/kg dose of the complex having the greatest gastroprotective effect. BSHE:β-CD was also able to reduce gastric lesions from ischemia and reperfusion, with the 50 mg/kg dose being the most effective. BSHE:β-CD, also at this dose, reduced the MDA levels of the gastric mucosa, indicating a possible antioxidant activity in its gastroprotective effect. Thus, it was concluded that inclusion complex formation between β-CD and BSHE is possible, and that this formulation enhanced the gastric protective activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next Steps for the Production of Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine)
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15 pages, 5184 KiB  
Article
Facile Synthesis of Hafnium Oxide Nanoparticle Decorated on Graphene Nanosheet and Its Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants under UV-Light Irradiation
by Venkatachalam Jayaraman, Shanmugam Mahalingam, Shanmugavel Chinnathambi, Ganesh N. Pandian, Aruna Prakasarao, Singaravelu Ganesan, Jayavel Ramasamy, Sivasankaran Ayyaru and Young-Ho Ahn
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 11222; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122111222 - 5 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1926
Abstract
The HfO2 nanoparticles and the nanocomposites of HfO2-graphene (10, 30, and 50 wt%) were prepared via precipitation and simple mixing method. The XRD pattern confirmed the presence of monoclinic HfO2 and hexagonal graphene in the nanocomposite. Raman spectroscopy studies [...] Read more.
The HfO2 nanoparticles and the nanocomposites of HfO2-graphene (10, 30, and 50 wt%) were prepared via precipitation and simple mixing method. The XRD pattern confirmed the presence of monoclinic HfO2 and hexagonal graphene in the nanocomposite. Raman spectroscopy studies revealed the formation of HfO2-graphene nanocomposite. According to SEM and TEM images the HfO2, NPs are spherical, and their size is less than 10 nm, anchored on the surface of the graphene sheets. The EDX spectrum shows carbon, oxygen, and HfO2 and reveals the formation of the HfO2-graphene nanocomposite. The UV-vis absorption spectra show the optical properties of synthesized HfO2-graphene nanocomposite. The study examines the influence of different ratios of the addition of graphene on the photocatalytic activity of HfO2-graphene. It was found that the HfO2-graphene (50 wt%) 40 mg nanocomposite exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity than the bare HfO2 towards the methylene blue photodegradation, an aromatic pollutant in water under UV light irradiation, which can be applied optimally for individually wastewater management system. The HfO2-graphene (50 wt%) photocatalyst degrades 81 ± 2% of tetracycline in 180 min, implying that tetracycline can be degraded more efficiently under UV light. The enhancement in photocatalytic activity under UV light illumination can be attributed to the effective separation of photogenerated electrons, inhibiting recombination in the HfO2-graphene composite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next Steps for the Production of Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine)
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