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Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer
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Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanotechnology and Applied Nanosciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2022) | Viewed by 20359

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Lin Qiu

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: nanoscale heat transfer; nano carbon materials; phase change materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nano/Microscale heat transfer are widely encountered in many fields of science and engineering, such as microelectronics, thermoelectrics, heat storage, thermal energy utilization and thermal management. In recent years, various analytical, numerical and experimental investigations have been performed about the fundamental nano/micro heat transfer mechanisms. In addition, thermal properties of nano/micro structure have been measured from several approaches including but not limited to, laser flash analysis, hot disk method, harmonic method (3ω), T-type method, atomic force microscopy method. The ever-increasing interest and contributions on nano/microscale heat transfer has motivated the creation of this special issue. Theoretical derivation, model development, numerical simulation and experimental measurement on nano/micro heat transfer are highly welcome to this special issue.

The scope of this issue includes but not limited to the following topics:

  • Nano/microscale heat conduction phenomena
  • Nano/microscale phase change materials
  • Nano/microscale convection and radiative heat transfer phenomena
  • Nano-enhanced phase change materials
  • Thermal properties measurement techniques
  • Nano/molecular sensors
  • Raman technology for thermal characterization
  • SThM technology for nanomaterials

Prof. Dr. Lin Qiu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • thermoelectrics
  • nanofluids
  • nano/molecular heat transfer
  • nano-enhanced phase change material nano/micro sensors
  • thermal conductivity measurement

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 157 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue on Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer
by Lin Qiu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7476; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157476 - 26 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1293
Abstract
Nano/Microscale heat transfer is widely encountered in many fields of science and engineering, such as microelectronics, thermoelectrics, heat storage, thermal energy utilization, and thermal management [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

13 pages, 5282 KiB  
Article
An Effect of Radiation and MHD Newtonian Fluid over a Stretching/Shrinking Sheet with CNTs and Mass Transpiration
by T. Maranna, K. N. Sneha, U. S. Mahabaleshwar, Ioannis E. Sarris and Theodoros E. Karakasidis
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(11), 5466; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12115466 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 2181
Abstract
The invention of carbon nanotubes (CNT) has a wide range of industrial and medical applications. The notion of boundary layer flow is used in medicine, particularly in nanomedicine, and the use of magnetic fields is used to treat cancer tumour growth. The governing [...] Read more.
The invention of carbon nanotubes (CNT) has a wide range of industrial and medical applications. The notion of boundary layer flow is used in medicine, particularly in nanomedicine, and the use of magnetic fields is used to treat cancer tumour growth. The governing PDEs are altered into ODEs with the help of suitable transformations. The mass transfer of a chemically reactive species and the flow of MHD over a stretching plate subjected to an inclined magnetic field are investigated, and analytical solutions for velocity in terms of exponential function and temperature field in terms of incomplete Gamma function are obtained using the Laplace transformation. We investigate the variation of physically important parameters with varying suction, magnetic field, and slip using the analytical results. The differences in velocity and temperature profiles are explored in relation to a number of physical parameters. MWCNT nanofluids have higher effective velocities than the SWCNT deferred nanofluids, and this might assist in industrial applications and medical benefits. Earlier research tells us that carbon nanotubes are likely quicker than nanoparticles at achieving the same tumour instance. As a result, in the presence of CNTs or nanoparticles, the magnetic field can also act as a source. We found that SWCNTs nanofluids are better nanofluids than MWCNTs nanofluids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer)
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15 pages, 3177 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Reduced Gravity on Oscillatory Mixed Convective Heat Transfer around a Non-Conducting Heated Circular Cylinder
by Zia Ullah, Muhammad Ashraf, Ioannis E. Sarris and Theodoros E. Karakasidis
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 5081; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12105081 - 18 May 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2008
Abstract
The present analysis addresses the impact of reduced gravity and magnetohydrodynamics on oscillating mixed-convective electricallyconducting fluid flow over a thermal, non-conducting horizontal circular cylinder. In reduced gravity, buoyancy forces may induce fluid motion due to a weak gravitational field but in non-gravity forces, [...] Read more.
The present analysis addresses the impact of reduced gravity and magnetohydrodynamics on oscillating mixed-convective electricallyconducting fluid flow over a thermal, non-conducting horizontal circular cylinder. In reduced gravity, buoyancy forces may induce fluid motion due to a weak gravitational field but in non-gravity forces, fluid motion can be induced by a variety of factors, including surface tension and density variations. The fluid motion is governed by connected nonlinear partial differential equations which are converted into convenient equations by applying a finite-difference scheme with the primitive transformation and a Gaussian elimination technique. The numerical solutions of the connected dimensionalized equations were obtained for various emerging dimensionless parameters, reduced gravity parameter Rg, Prandtl number Pr, and some other fixed parameters. First, the fluid velocity, temperature distribution and magnetic-field profiles were obtained and then these profiles were used to examine the oscillating quantities of skinfriction, oscillating heat transfer and oscillating rate of currentdensity. The FORTRAN software was used for the numerical results and these results were displayed on Tech Plot. The fluid velocity and magnetic profile were increased at the π/2 station as reduced gravity increased but the dimensionless temperature of the fluid attained a maximum magnitude as reduced gravity was decreased. The larger amplitude of the oscillating coefficients of τt and τm was concluded with a prominent variation for each λ in the presence of reduced gravity. Physically, this could be because an increase in the decreased gravity parameter impacts the fluid flow’s driving potential along a thermal, non-conducting horizontalcylinder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer)
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10 pages, 3358 KiB  
Article
Thermal Conductivity and Rheology of Graphene Oxide Nanofluids and a Modified Predication Model
by Xinyu Mei, Xin Sha, Dengwei Jing and Lijing Ma
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3567; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073567 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3049
Abstract
In order to reveal the heat transfer performance of nanofluids in solar collectors, the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of five kinds of graphene oxide nanofluids, with a mass fraction of 0.002% to 0.01%, were studied in the temperature range of 25–50 °C. [...] Read more.
In order to reveal the heat transfer performance of nanofluids in solar collectors, the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of five kinds of graphene oxide nanofluids, with a mass fraction of 0.002% to 0.01%, were studied in the temperature range of 25–50 °C. To ensure the dispersion and stability of the prepared nanofluids, UV–Vis absorption spectrum, zeta potential and particle size distribution were employed for nanofluid characterization. Agglomeration and sedimentation of the prepared nanofluids after standing for 20 days were observed, showing the good stability of the prepared graphene oxide–water nanofluid. The dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity were measured. They show that with the increase in temperature, the dynamic viscosity of nanofluids decreases and the thermal conductivity increases. With the increase in mass concentration, the viscosity and thermal conductivity are improved. The highest thermal conductivity increase is obtained when the nanofluid concentration is 0.01% and the temperature is 50 °C. Finally, and most importantly, considering the inaccuracy of the existing experimental correlations to the predicted values of thermal conductivity, we propose our new mathematical model of correlation and carry out a series of tests to verify its reliability. The experimental correlations with temperature and concentration as independent variables show good agreement and accuracy with the experimental data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer)
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22 pages, 6160 KiB  
Article
A Computational Study on Magnetic Nanoparticles Hyperthermia of Ellipsoidal Tumors
by Nickolas D. Polychronopoulos, Apostolos A. Gkountas, Ioannis E. Sarris and Leonidas A. Spyrou
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(20), 9526; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11209526 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3582
Abstract
The modelling of magnetic hyperthermia using nanoparticles of ellipsoid tumor shapes has not been studied adequately. To fill this gap, a computational study has been carried out to determine two key treatment parameters: the therapeutic temperature distribution and the extent of thermal damage. [...] Read more.
The modelling of magnetic hyperthermia using nanoparticles of ellipsoid tumor shapes has not been studied adequately. To fill this gap, a computational study has been carried out to determine two key treatment parameters: the therapeutic temperature distribution and the extent of thermal damage. Prolate and oblate spheroidal tumors, of various aspect ratios, surrounded by a large healthy tissue region are assumed. Tissue temperatures are determined from the solution of Pennes’ bio-heat transfer equation. The mortality of the tissues is determined by the Arrhenius kinetic model. The computational model is successfully verified against a closed-form solution for a perfectly spherical tumor. The therapeutic temperature and the thermal damage in the tumor center decrease as the aspect ratio increases and it is insensitive to whether tumors of the same aspect ratio are oblate or prolate spheroids. The necrotic tumor area is affected by the tumor prolateness and oblateness. Good comparison is obtained of the present model with three sets of experimental measurements taken from the literature, for animal tumors exhibiting ellipsoid-like geometry. The computational model enables the determination of the therapeutic temperature and tissue thermal damage for magnetic hyperthermia of ellipsoidal tumors. It can be easily reproduced for various treatment scenarios and may be useful for an effective treatment planning of ellipsoidal tumor geometries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer)
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14 pages, 3066 KiB  
Article
Theoretical Evaluation of Microwave Ablation Applied on Muscle, Fat and Bone: A Numerical Study
by Cheng Chen, Ming-An Yu, Lin Qiu, Hong-Yu Chen, Zhen-Long Zhao, Jie Wu, Li-Li Peng, Zhi-Liang Wang and Ruo-Xiu Xiao
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(17), 8271; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11178271 - 6 Sep 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3070
Abstract
(1) Background: Microwave ablation (MWA) is a common tumor ablation surgery. Because of the high temperature of the ablation antenna, it is strongly destructive to surrounding vital tissues, resulting in high professional requirements for clinicians. The method used to carry out temperature observation [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Microwave ablation (MWA) is a common tumor ablation surgery. Because of the high temperature of the ablation antenna, it is strongly destructive to surrounding vital tissues, resulting in high professional requirements for clinicians. The method used to carry out temperature observation and damage prediction in MWA is significant; (2) Methods: This work employs numerical study to explore temperature distribution of typical tissues in MWA. Firstly, clinical MWA based on isolated biological tissue is implemented. Then, the Pennes models and microwave radiation physics are established based on experimental parameters and existing related research. Initial values and boundary conditions are adjusted to better meet the real clinical materials and experimental conditions. Finally, clinical MWA data test this model. On the premise that the model is matched with clinical MWA, fat and bone are deduced for further heat transfer analysis. (3) Results: Numerical study obtains the temperature distribution of biological tissue in MWA. It observes the heat transfer law of ablation antenna in biological tissue. Additionally, combined with temperature threshold, it generates thermal damage of biological tissues and predicts the possible risks in MWA; (4) Conclusions: This work proposes a numerical study of typical biological tissues. It provides a new theoretical basis for clinically thermal ablation surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer)
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Review

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18 pages, 1439 KiB  
Review
Recent Developments on the Thermal Properties, Stability and Applications of Nanofluids in Machining, Solar Energy and Biomedicine
by Glauco Nobrega, Reinaldo Rodrigues de Souza, Inês M. Gonçalves, Ana S. Moita, João E. Ribeiro and Rui A. Lima
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1115; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031115 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 4059
Abstract
In this review work, the recent progress made in the use of nanofluids (NFs) applied in three specific areas will be presented: machining, solar energy, and biomedical engineering. Within this context, the discussions will be guided by emphasizing the thermal and stability properties [...] Read more.
In this review work, the recent progress made in the use of nanofluids (NFs) applied in three specific areas will be presented: machining, solar energy, and biomedical engineering. Within this context, the discussions will be guided by emphasizing the thermal and stability properties of these fluids. In machining, NFs play a prominent role in the processes of turning, milling, drilling, and grinding, being responsible for their optimization as well as improving the useful life of the tools and reducing costs. In the solar energy field, NFs have been used in the thermal management of the panels, controlling and homogenizing the operating temperature of these systems. In the biomedical area, the advantages of using NFs come from the treatment of cancer cells, the development of vaccines before the improvement of diagnostic imaging, and many others. In all lines of research mentioned in this study, the main parameters that have limited or encouraged the use of these fluids are also identified and debated. Finally, the discussions presented in this review will inspire and guide researchers in developing new techniques to improve the applications of NFs in several fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer)
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