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Antioxidants: Discovery, Analysis, Medicinal Prospects and Potential Applications
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Antioxidants: Discovery, Analysis, Medicinal Prospects and Potential Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical and Molecular Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 5830

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Wlodzimierz Opoka

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Guest Editor
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
Interests: edible mushrooms; medicinal mushrooms; culinary–medicinal plants; antioxidant activity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Agata Kryczyk-Poprawa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
Interests: medicinal plants; antioxidant activity; photoprotection; drugs photostability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antioxidants, a chemically diverse group of compounds, are of great interest due to their key role in advancing human health. These compounds have the potential to delay or prevent cell damage by scavenging free radicals through various lines of defense. The main dietary sources of antioxidants are fruits, the fruiting bodies of edible mushrooms and mycelia, vegetables, herbs, algae, and nutraceuticals and dietary supplements fortified with synthetic or natural antioxidants. Phenolic and indole compounds, carotenoids, sterols, and some vitamins and bioelements play a key role in protecting our cells from oxidative stress and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. If not properly addressed, damage caused by free radicals produced as by-products of metabolic pathways (and by external factors such as pollution, smoking, UV radiation, and certain medications) may contribute to the development of age-related diseases such as cancer or neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxidants will not ensure longevity, but they can contribute to the prevention of disease and improve quality of life.

In this Special Issue, we will explore and delve into the multifaceted world of antioxidants, examining their discovery, analysis, mechanisms of action, and pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance. Topics include their potential applications in nutrition, pharmacy, medicine, and the cosmetics industry.

Prof. Dr. Wlodzimierz Opoka
Dr. Agata Kryczyk-Poprawa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • natural antioxidants
  • phyto-antioxidants
  • oxidative stress
  • functional food
  • dietary supplements
  • nutraceuticals
  • cosmetics

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 1891 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Studies on the Use of an Electrical Method to Assess the Quality of Honey and Distinguish Its Botanical Origin
by Aleksandra Wilczyńska, Joanna Katarzyna Banach, Natalia Żak and Małgorzata Grzywińska-Rąpca
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(24), 12060; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142412060 - 23 Dec 2024
Viewed by 736
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the possibility of deploying an innovative electrical method and to establish the usefulness of conductivity and dielectric parameters for assessing the quality of Polish honeys, as well as for distinguishing their botanical origin. An attempt was also made [...] Read more.
This study aimed to determine the possibility of deploying an innovative electrical method and to establish the usefulness of conductivity and dielectric parameters for assessing the quality of Polish honeys, as well as for distinguishing their botanical origin. An attempt was also made to determine which standard physicochemical parameter could be replaced by conductivity and dielectric parameters. The experimental material consisted of seven varieties of honey (linden, rapeseed, buckwheat, goldenrod, phacelia, multifloral, acacia), obtained from beekeepers from northern Poland. Their quality was assessed based on their physicochemical parameters, biological activity, and color. Electrical parameters were measured using a measuring system consisting of an LCR meter, and own-construction sensor. Conductivity (Z, G) and dielectric (Cs, Cp) parameters were measured. Statistical analysis of the results of measurements of electrical parameters of the seven types of honey tested allowed classifying them in terms of their conductivity properties into two groups of single-flower honeys and one group of multi-flower honeys. This proves the feasibility of identifying their botanical origin using the electrical method, which is characterized by non-invasiveness, measurement speed, and high sensitivity. The usefulness of parameters Z and G in replacing quality parameters was confirmed mainly for single-flower honeys: buckwheat, linden, rapeseed, and phacelia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants: Discovery, Analysis, Medicinal Prospects and Potential Applications)
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16 pages, 2078 KiB  
Article
Benefits of Using Pomace from Sea Buckthorn Fruit (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) in the Production of Rye Bread for a Strategy of Sustainable Production and Consumption
by Joanna Katarzyna Banach, Katarzyna Majewska, Beata Piłat and Małgorzata Grzywińska-Rąpca
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 11067; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311067 - 28 Nov 2024
Viewed by 688
Abstract
The aim of the research was to optimize the addition of sea buckthorn pomace to rye bread for sustainable production and consumption. Profit analysis was used to evaluate the optimal impact of added pomace on bread quality. The effects of the management of [...] Read more.
The aim of the research was to optimize the addition of sea buckthorn pomace to rye bread for sustainable production and consumption. Profit analysis was used to evaluate the optimal impact of added pomace on bread quality. The effects of the management of the by-product (pomace) during the maceration of sea buckthorn fruit pulp were determined on the basis of process efficiency balance. The research materials included five baking variants of bread containing type 720 rye flour, differing in the level of pomace added (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%). The bread was produced in laboratory conditions on rye sourdough using the three-phase method. The impact of pomace addition on the quality of baked goods was determined by assessing the content of nutritional and energy components, nutritional and building materials, and bioactive compounds. The results show that greater qualitative benefits, including health benefits, were obtained when rye bread was enriched with 15 and 20% pomace. These results have been confirmed by PROFIT analysis. The analysis of the efficiency balance of the sea buckthorn fruit pulp maceration process showed that it is more beneficial to subject these substrates to the processes of drying at 50 °C, separation (removal of seeds), and grinding than it is to use enzymatic maceration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants: Discovery, Analysis, Medicinal Prospects and Potential Applications)
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14 pages, 2440 KiB  
Article
Ilex paraguariensis Extracts: A Source of Bioelements and Biologically Active Compounds for Food Supplements
by Elżbieta Rząsa-Duran, Bożena Muszyńska, Agnieszka Szewczyk, Katarzyna Kała, Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja, Joanna Piotrowska, Włodzimierz Opoka and Agata Kryczyk-Poprawa
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(16), 7238; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167238 - 17 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1305
Abstract
Ilex paraguariensis, commonly known as yerba mate, is a plant belonging to the holly genus Ilex and the Aquifoliaceae family, indigenous to South America, and is used for the production of yerba mate. Yerba mate is renowned for its abundance of essential [...] Read more.
Ilex paraguariensis, commonly known as yerba mate, is a plant belonging to the holly genus Ilex and the Aquifoliaceae family, indigenous to South America, and is used for the production of yerba mate. Yerba mate is renowned for its abundance of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds. Based on test results, it can be assumed that the selection of raw material for the preparation of extracts as well as the extraction method significantly influence the final content of biologically active compounds in the extracts. Consequently, this variability impacts the ultimate concentration of biologically active substances within the end product, potentially influencing human consumption. The present study aimed to quantify and compare the content of selected biological active compounds in supplements and products containing I. paraguariensis extracts, along with organic yerba mate dried through a smoke-free process, available in the European market (P-1–P-10). The evaluation focused on antioxidant substances such as neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, 4-feruloylquinic acid, isochlorogenic acid, rutoside astragalin, and caffeine. Additionally, the concentration of specific macro and trace elements was ascertained. The antioxidant compound makeup differs between methanol-extracted samples and aqueous extracts. In both cases, methanol extracts, particularly those in instant and traditional herb forms, showed the highest content of organic compounds with antioxidant properties (such as phenolic compounds and caffeine). The highest content of chlorogenic acid was detected in both methanol (14.7412 mg/g d.w.) and water (8.3120 mg/g d.w.) extracts in product P-4. The caffeic acid content ranged from 0.1491 mg/g d.w. to 1.7938 mg/g d.w. in methanol extracts and from 0.0760 mg/g d.w. to 0.4892 mg/g d.w. in water extracts. The neochlorogenic acid content ranged from 2.6869 to 23.9750 mg/g d.w. in ethanol extracts and from 0.4529 to 10.2299 mg/g d.w. in water extracts. Therefore, the traditional preparation of yerba mate as a water infusion does not fully exploit the raw material’s potential. Among the tested products, only the dietary supplement in capsule form contained protocatechuic acid, which was not present in any other tested products. Conversely, compounds characteristic of yerba mate found in other preparations were absent in this supplement. The caffeine content was also the lowest in this product. The determined content of active substances did not consistently match the declarations made by producers if stated on the packaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants: Discovery, Analysis, Medicinal Prospects and Potential Applications)
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Review

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16 pages, 1015 KiB  
Review
Sirtuin 1 and Hormonal Regulations in Aging
by Milena Keremidarska-Markova, Iliyana Sazdova, Mitko Mladenov, Bissera Pilicheva, Plamen Zagorchev and Hristo Gagov
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(24), 12051; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142412051 - 23 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1485
Abstract
Aging affects the structure and functions of all organs and systems in the organism. In the elderly, significant changes in hormonal levels are observed. These translate to a predisposition for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, tremendous scientific effort is [...] Read more.
Aging affects the structure and functions of all organs and systems in the organism. In the elderly, significant changes in hormonal levels are observed. These translate to a predisposition for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, tremendous scientific effort is focused on investigating molecular mechanisms and drugs with the potential to reduce hormonal changes in old age and their impact. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a member of the sirtuin family of deacetylases, has been extensively studied as a regulator of multiple pathways related to antioxidant properties, optimal immune response, and metabolism. SIRT1 plays a key role in regulating various hormonal pathways and maintaining homeostasis. In the present study, we review the interplay between SIRT1 and hormonal regulations, including the endocrine role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid, –adrenal, –gonadal, and –liver axes, of other endocrine glands, and of non-endocrine tissues in the aging organism. The application of natural SIRT1 activators, such as resveratrol, curcumin, paeonol, and Buyang Huanwu Decoction, for the treatment of aging and senescence is discussed. SIRT1 activators improve mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, and promote longevity, but their clinical application is limited by low bioavailability and poor permeability across biological barriers. For this reason, advanced delivery strategies are being considered, including nose-to-brain drug delivery and nanotechnology-based formulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants: Discovery, Analysis, Medicinal Prospects and Potential Applications)
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24 pages, 2415 KiB  
Review
Balance of Antioxidants vs. Oxidants in Perinatal Asphyxia
by Dimitrios Rallis, Niki Dermitzaki, Maria Baltogianni, Konstantina Kapetaniou and Vasileios Giapros
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 9651; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14219651 - 22 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 990
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia refers to an acute event of cerebral ischemia and hypoxia during the perinatal period, leading to various degrees of brain injury. The mechanisms involved in perinatal asphyxia include the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), accumulation of intracellular calcium, lipid peroxidation, [...] Read more.
Perinatal asphyxia refers to an acute event of cerebral ischemia and hypoxia during the perinatal period, leading to various degrees of brain injury. The mechanisms involved in perinatal asphyxia include the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), accumulation of intracellular calcium, lipid peroxidation, excitatory amino acid receptor overactivation, energy failure, and caspase-mediated cell death. Both primary and secondary neuronal damage are caused by the overproduction of ROS following a hypoxic/ischemic event. ROS can react with nearly any type of molecule, including lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA. Neonates who suffer from perinatal asphyxia are prone to oxidative stress, which is characterized by a disruption in the oxidant/antioxidant balance, favoring oxidants over the intracellular and extracellular antioxidant scavenging mechanisms. Current research has focused on developing treatment strategies that potentially improve the endogenous antioxidant neuroprotective mechanisms or minimize injury resulting from hypoxia/ischemia. In this narrative review, we aim to present evidence regarding the contribution of oxidant/antioxidant balance to the pathogenesis and progression of perinatal asphyxia. Also, we aim to explore the role of potential antioxidant therapies as promising treatment strategies for perinatal asphyxia, especially as an adjunct to therapeutic hypothermia in infants with perinatal asphyxia. The current literature on antioxidant treatments in newborns is limited; however, allopurinol, melatonin, and erythropoietin have shown some positive effects in clinical trials. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, N-acetylcysteine, and docosahexaenoic acid have shown promising neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies. Finally, nanotherapeutics could potentially modulate oxidative stress in hypoxemic/ischemic brain injury by targeted medication delivery. Future research on neuroprotectants and their processes is warranted to develop innovative treatments for hypoxia/ischemia in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants: Discovery, Analysis, Medicinal Prospects and Potential Applications)
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