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Applied Sciences
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Advances in Carbon Nanomaterials
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Advances in Carbon Nanomaterials

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanotechnology and Applied Nanosciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2023) | Viewed by 9702

Special Issue Editor

Dr. José Miguel Campiña Pina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto (CIQ-UP), Faculdade de Ciências, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Interests: reduced graphene oxide; graphene conjugates; conductive polymers; nanocomposites; thin films; deep eutectic solvents; charge transfer studies; electrochemical sensors; photovoltaics; energy storage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon nanomaterials are playing a prominent role in the emergence of disruptive technologies in clinical diagnosis, renewable energy, and electronics. Owing to their superior physical properties, these have been typically employed as property enhancers in composites. Furthermore, the range of applications has extended significantly beyond their typical use in electronic, thermal, and mechanical materials. To name a couple of examples, hollow and defective carbon nanostructures have been tested as drug delivery systems, nanotubes and graphene have been proven as suitable candidates for interfacing neuronal activity, and photoluminescent carbon quantum dots and nanodiamonds have been exploited in high-resolution optical bioimaging.

The most affordable synthetic routes are solution based and exploit the natural abundance of graphite. However, yields are commonly low, and process scalability is still a big problem in all cases. Alternative circular approaches based on the reutilization of biomass wastes are popping up as more economical and environmentally convenient alternatives to produce nanocarbons. Novel schemes based on heteroatom doping, surface functionalization, or conjugation with other nanostructures allow accessing new exciting (electro)catalytic and semiconducting properties. Additionally, the fabrication of bulk objects from nanomaterial resources using additive methods is a new field in its infancy.

This Special Issue aims to provide a collection of original research/review articles reflecting the most exciting and recent progress made in all aspects of this field. The scope is broad and covers developments from synthetic approaches to doping/tailoring schemes and cutting-edge applications in optoelectronics, sensors, energy storage, bioimaging, mechanical materials, nanomedicine, etc.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. José Miguel Campiña Pina
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • graphite
  • carbon nanotubes
  • graphene
  • nanodiamonds
  • carbon nanodots
  • biomass conversion
  • energy storage
  • sensors
  • optoelectronics
  • drug delivery

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 7824 KiB  
Article
Porous Carbon Materials Based on Blue Shark Waste for Application in High-Performance Energy Storage Devices
by Ana T. S. C. Brandão, Sabrina State, Renata Costa, Laura-Bianca Enache, Pavel Potorac, José A. Vázquez, Jesus Valcarcel, A. Fernando Silva, Marius Enachescu and Carlos M. Pereira
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(15), 8676; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158676 - 27 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1066
Abstract
The scientific community’s interest in developing sustainable carbon materials from biomass waste is increasing steadily, responding to the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Every day, different biomass sources are suggested for obtaining porous carbon materials with characteristics for application in different [...] Read more.
The scientific community’s interest in developing sustainable carbon materials from biomass waste is increasing steadily, responding to the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Every day, different biomass sources are suggested for obtaining porous carbon materials with characteristics for application in different areas. Porous carbon materials with a high specific surface area are a subject of interest for application in energy storage devices. This work reports the use of blue shark chondroitin sulfate and gelatine as precursors for developing porous carbon materials for energy storage devices. Commercial chondroitin sulfate was used for comparison. The porous carbons obtained in this study underwent various characterization techniques to assess their properties. A BET surface area analyzer measured the specific surface area and pore size. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), a high resolution-scanning transmission electron microscope (HR-STEM), Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to examine the morphology, composition, and structure of the carbons. A modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode was used as the working electrode for the electrochemical characterization. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques were employed with ethaline, an environmentally friendly and sustainable electrolyte based on choline chloride, to assess the electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the most promising samples were subjected to ball-milling to investigate the impact of this process on surface area and capacitance. Blue shark chondroitin sulfate-based carbon presented a specific surface area of 135.2 m2 g−1, compared to 76.11 m2 g−1 of commercial chondroitin sulfate, both carbonized for 1 h at 1000 °C. Blue shark gelatine presented a specific surface area of 30.32 m2 g−1. The associated specific capacitance of these three samples is 40 F g−1, 25 F g−1, and 7 F g−1. Ball-milling on these samples increased the specific surface area and capacitance of the three studied samples with different optimal milling times. This study presents the novel utilization of carbon materials derived from blue shark (with and without ball-milling) through a one-step carbonization process. These carbon materials were combined with an environmentally friendly DES electrolyte. The aim was to explore their potential application in energy storage devices, representing the first instance of employing blue shark-based carbon materials in this manner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Nanomaterials)
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12 pages, 4644 KiB  
Article
Scalable Fabrication of Si-Graphene Composite as Anode for Li-ion Batteries
by Ding Lou, Shuyi Chen, Strauss Langrud, Amir Abdul Razzaq, Mingyang Mao, Hammad Younes, Weibing Xing, Tim Lin and Haiping Hong
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 10926; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122110926 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1652
Abstract
A facile and scalable method is reported to fabricate Si-graphene nanocomposite as anode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) with high capacity and capacity retention performance. The Si-graphene electrode showed an initial discharge capacity of 1307 mAh g−1 at a current rate of [...] Read more.
A facile and scalable method is reported to fabricate Si-graphene nanocomposite as anode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) with high capacity and capacity retention performance. The Si-graphene electrode showed an initial discharge capacity of 1307 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 0.1C. At the 25th cycle, the electrode retained a discharge capacity of 1270 mAh g−1, with an excellent capacity retention of 97%. At the 50th cycle, the electrode still retained high capacity retention of 89%. The improved capacity retention of Si-graphene anode compared with Si anode is attributed to the mechanical flexibility of graphene that compromises the volume expansion of Si during the lithiation/delithiation process. The electrochemical impedance measurement further confirms the enhanced electrical conductivity and the denser solid-electrolyte-interface of the Si-graphene electrode. This fabrication approach is cost-effective and easy to scale up compared to known techniques, making it a promising candidate for commercializing Si-based anode for LIBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Nanomaterials)
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Review

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21 pages, 4112 KiB  
Review
Carbon Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications
by Drahomira Holmannova, Pavel Borsky, Tereza Svadlakova, Lenka Borska and Zdenek Fiala
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7865; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157865 - 05 Aug 2022
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 6348
Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge on current and future applications of carbon nanoparticles in medicine. The carbon nanoparticle family has a large number of representatives with unique physicochemical properties that make them good candidates for use in clinical medicine. The best-known (and [...] Read more.
This review summarizes the current knowledge on current and future applications of carbon nanoparticles in medicine. The carbon nanoparticle family has a large number of representatives with unique physicochemical properties that make them good candidates for use in clinical medicine. The best-known (and most researched) carbon nanoparticles include graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes. The main direction of use involves medical diagnostics, which includes bioimaging and the detection of chemicals or metabolites present in the body. Since the question of nanoparticle toxicity has not been fully answered, the use of nanoparticles in the fields of therapeutics (drug delivery), regenerative medicine (cell scaffolding, tissue engineering), and vaccine production is still under research and many in vivo studies are ongoing. These preclinical studies suggest that carbon nanoparticles have great potential for diagnosis and treatment; the results show that the nanoparticles used do not have significant toxic effects; however, great caution is needed before nanoparticles are introduced into routine clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon Nanomaterials)
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