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Applied Sciences
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Recent Advances in Electromagnetic, Acoustic and Mechanical Metamaterials
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Recent Advances in Electromagnetic, Acoustic and Mechanical Metamaterials

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Acoustics and Vibrations".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 12208

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jian Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering and State Key Laboratory for Strengthen & Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: metamaterials; wave propagation; nosie and vibration control; invisibility cloaking; topopogical acoustics
Dr. Mingji Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: metamaterials; electromagnetic wave absorbing structure; sound absorbing structure; lightweight metastructures
Dr. Yangyang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
Interests: active materials and structures; mechanical metamaterials; solid mechanics
Dr. Xue Jiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Interests: acoustic metamaterials; topopogical insulators; OAM
Dr. Zhenhuan Tian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: plasmonic-enhanced LEDs; hyperbolic metamaterials; nanoantenna; micro-LEDs; flexible optical devices; visible-light communication devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shuwei Ren

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: noise and vibration control; acoustic and mechanical metamaterials; lightweight structures

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As a kind of novel artificial material, metamaterials exhibit many unusal physical properties and exotic functionalities, such as a negative refraction index, compression–torsion effect, and a negative Possion’s ratio and stiffness, which shows an unprecedented ability to arbitrarily manipulate the properties of waves, including their amplitude, phase and wave propagation. These features, together with advanced manufacturing methods, such as 3D/4D printing technology, make electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical metamaterials a class of promising materials or structures in physics, materials science and engineering. These materials have potential applications in noise and vibration control, energy localization and absorption, super-resolution imaging and sensing, multiphysics and hybrid metamaterials or devices investigation, etc.

In recent decades, we have witnessed a rapid growth in the study of metamaterials, which have attracted increasing attention from researchers not only from the academic community seeking to further understand metamaterials, but also from industries seeking to apply this technology to products. The main theme of this Special Issue is to create a platform for researchers and engineers to promote the research in the exciting field of wave manipulation via electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical metamaterials. The topics will include, but are not limited to:

  • Electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical metamaterials/metasurface;
  • Large-scale and hybrid metamaterials design and fabrication;
  • Tunable, reconfigurable and programmable metamaterials;
  • Artificial-intelligence-driven metamaterials and device designs;
  • Advance in cloaking and invisibility;
  • Metamaterials for electromagnetic shielding and absorption;
  • Metamaterials for acoustic sensing and detecting;
  • Metamaterials for noise and vibration control;
  • Chiral and bianisotropic metastructures;
  • Topopogical insulators.

Dr. Jian Zhu
Dr. Mingji Chen
Dr. Yangyang Chen
Dr. Xue Jiang
Dr. Zhenhuan Tian
Dr. Shuwei Ren
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metamaterials
  • phononic crystal
  • wave manipulation
  • electromagnetic shielding and absorption
  • vibration and noise control
  • super-resolution imaging and sensing
  • invisibility cloaking
  • topological insulators
  • artificial intelligence
  • hybrid and large-scale metamaterials

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 7084 KiB  
Article
Ultra-Low-Frequency Acoustic Black Hole Radial Elastic Metamaterials
by Lixia Li, Haiteng Hu and Xiaolan Wu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(20), 11542; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011542 - 21 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1228
Abstract
In this paper, we propose an acoustic black hole radial elastic metamaterial (AREM). Through the study of its dispersion relations, it is found that, compared with the conventional elastic metamaterial, the AREM gathers energy at the tip of the black hole cell, which [...] Read more.
In this paper, we propose an acoustic black hole radial elastic metamaterial (AREM). Through the study of its dispersion relations, it is found that, compared with the conventional elastic metamaterial, the AREM gathers energy at the tip of the black hole cell, which can trigger the local resonance (LR) effect and couples with the Bragg scattering (BS) effect, thus opening the very low-frequency strong attenuation broadband. The influence of the structural parameters of the AREM on the bandgap (BG) characteristics is further explored, and the bandwidth can be modulated in the frequency range of 0–1300 Hz by varying the truncation thickness and power exponent of the acoustic black hole (ABH) structure. Finally, by analyzing the transmission spectrum and displacement field, it is found that the total bandwidth of the flexural BG is better than that of the conventional radial elastic metamaterial, and the wave attenuation capability is improved by more than 110%. It is also discovered that the BG characteristics of the longitudinal BG are also better than those of the conventional radial elastic metamaterial, and the total bandwidth of the longitudinal BG is superior to that of the conventional radial elastic metamaterial, with the wave attenuation capability improved by more than 56%. The research findings may have applications in engineering fields such as ultra-low-frequency vibration reduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic, Acoustic and Mechanical Metamaterials)
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17 pages, 5647 KiB  
Article
Radial Gradient Seismic Metamaterials with Ultra-Low Frequency and Ultra-Wide Band Gap
by Qian Yang, Kun Su, Lixia Li, Yan Li and Jin Bai
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(16), 9284; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13169284 - 16 Aug 2023
Viewed by 973
Abstract
In this paper, a radial gradient seismic metamaterial (RGSM) is proposed. The structural unit cell is composed of an external square soil embedded with a triangular-cross-sectioned steel ring, which is filled at different angles of multiple steel rings to form a supercell. The [...] Read more.
In this paper, a radial gradient seismic metamaterial (RGSM) is proposed. The structural unit cell is composed of an external square soil embedded with a triangular-cross-sectioned steel ring, which is filled at different angles of multiple steel rings to form a supercell. The dispersion curve and attenuation spectrum of the unit cell are calculated by the finite element method, and the opening mechanism of the band gap is explained by analyzing the modes at the band gap boundary. The influence of geometric parameters and material parameters on the band gap is further studied, and the optimized supercell radial gradient seismic metamaterial (OS-RGSM) structure is designed through structure and parameter optimization. The ultra-low broadband excellent band gap in the range of 2.35–20 Hz for seismic Lamb waves is realized, and its three-dimensional frequency response and displacement field diagram are calculated. In addition, the attenuation characteristics of the optimized supercell seismic metamaterial on the seismic surface wave are calculated and analyzed. It is found that the attenuation can reach more than 50% in the ultra-low frequency range of 3.5–9 Hz. The seismic wave barrier is verified by the vibration transmission characteristics of RGSM under finite period and dynamic time history analysis. The results show that RGSM can effectively shield from seismic Lamb waves in the ultra-wideband with the starting frequency of 2.35 Hz and can also effectively attenuate the seismic surface wave in semi-infinite space. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic, Acoustic and Mechanical Metamaterials)
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13 pages, 4620 KiB  
Article
A Semi-Empirical Model for Sound Absorption by Perforated Plate Covered Open Cell Foam and Improvements from Optimising the Perforated Plate Parameters
by Junzhe Zhang, Tianning Chen, Bo Zhang and Jian Zhu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010078 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1216
Abstract
Composite structures can be designed with specific parameters for efficient sound absorption in specific frequency bands; however, determining the optimal parameters and topology to maximize sound absorption is a computationally challenging task. In this work, a semi-empirical model is constructed to predict the [...] Read more.
Composite structures can be designed with specific parameters for efficient sound absorption in specific frequency bands; however, determining the optimal parameters and topology to maximize sound absorption is a computationally challenging task. In this work, a semi-empirical model is constructed to predict the sound absorption performance of composite structures consisting of open-cell foam and perforated plates. The calculated results of the semi-empirical model are in good agreement with the experimental results carried out in the B and K tube impedance measurement system. The parameters such as perforation ratio, plate thickness, air gap, etc., of the composite structure within limited thickness were optimized by using a genetic algorithm (GA) to improve the sound absorption coefficient at a lower frequency band. The calculation and experimental results show that when the thickness is fixed, the peak sound absorption frequency can be reduced by 400 Hz; on the contrary, with the goal of broadening the sound absorption frequency band, the optimized composite structure can widen the sound absorption frequency band by 55.38%. The results of this work have potential engineering applications for the calculation of the sound absorption of porous materials and perforated plate composite structures and their optimal design, particularly when the total volume or total weight of the sound-absorbing material is strictly limited. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic, Acoustic and Mechanical Metamaterials)
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16 pages, 2559 KiB  
Article
Investigations on the Complex Band Diagram of Flexural Wave through the Fluid-Loaded Phononic Plate
by Jingru Li, Sheng Li and Zhongjian Miao
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12386; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312386 - 03 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 975
Abstract
This paper investigates the complex band diagram of flexural waves in the phononic plate with semi-infinite heavy fluid loading. The system under examination is a square plate lattice with two-dimensional periodicity immersed in a fluid domain with infinite height. The numerical models based [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the complex band diagram of flexural waves in the phononic plate with semi-infinite heavy fluid loading. The system under examination is a square plate lattice with two-dimensional periodicity immersed in a fluid domain with infinite height. The numerical models based on the wave field transformation and the Galerkin method combined with the finite element discretization technique are developed to investigate the real and imaginary parts of the dispersion relation of flexural waves propagating through the phononic plate incorporating the fluid-loading effects. A perfect agreement is found between the location and width of stop bands from the real band diagram and the attenuation diagram, which supports the validity of the numerical models. Moreover, the complex band diagram is verified by the transverse vibration transmittance of the finite phononic plate. The results demonstrate that the external fluid loading is able to adjust the location, bandwidth, and decaying level as well as affect the degree of attenuation anisotropy of the complete and directional band gaps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic, Acoustic and Mechanical Metamaterials)
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Review

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16 pages, 6106 KiB  
Review
Liquid Crystal-Tuned Planar Optics in Terahertz Range
by Hongguan Yu, Huacai Wang, Qiguang Wang, Shijun Ge and Wei Hu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1428; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031428 - 21 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1804
Abstract
Recently, terahertz waves of higher frequencies compared to microwave and radio frequency have shown great potential in radar detection and high-speed wireless communication. To spatially control the wavefront of terahertz beams, various novel components, such as terahertz filters, polarization converters and lenses, have [...] Read more.
Recently, terahertz waves of higher frequencies compared to microwave and radio frequency have shown great potential in radar detection and high-speed wireless communication. To spatially control the wavefront of terahertz beams, various novel components, such as terahertz filters, polarization converters and lenses, have been investigated. Metamaterials and metasurfaces have become the most promising technique for the free manipulation of terahertz waves. Metadevices integrated with liquid crystals have been widely used in active terahertz devices. In this review, the birefringence of liquid crystals in the terahertz band and terahertz devices based on liquid crystals are summarized. By integrating liquid crystals with plasmonic metamaterials, the functions become dynamically adjustable and are reconstructed. Utilizing liquid crystals to change the resonance of metamaterials, tunable filters, absorbers, and programmable metasurfaces are realized. To solve the problem of low efficiency, terahertz wavefront shaping devices based on dielectric metasurfaces and liquid crystals, such as a variable deflection angle grating and zoom metalenses, are presented. Finally, we discuss and anticipate the future developments of liquid-crystal-integrated meta-devices, which will inspire broad applications in terahertz communication and imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic, Acoustic and Mechanical Metamaterials)
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22 pages, 3649 KiB  
Review
Optically Transparent Antennas: A Review of the State-of-the-Art, Innovative Solutions and Future Trends
by Abdul Rehman Chishti, Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Ali Qureshi, Muhammad Nawaz Abbasi, Abdullah M. Algarni, Azzedine Zerguine, Niamat Hussain and Rifaqat Hussain
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010210 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4560
Abstract
The requirement of mounting several access points and base stations is increasing tremendously due to recent advancements and the need for high-data-rate communication services of 5G and 6G wireless communication systems. In the near future, the enormous number of these access points might [...] Read more.
The requirement of mounting several access points and base stations is increasing tremendously due to recent advancements and the need for high-data-rate communication services of 5G and 6G wireless communication systems. In the near future, the enormous number of these access points might cause a mess. In such cases, an optically transparent antenna (OTA) is the best option for making the environment more appealing and pleasant. OTAs provide the possible solution as these maintain the device aesthetics to achieve transparency as well as fulfill the basic coverage and bandwidth requirements. Various attempts have been made to design OTAs to provide coverage for wireless communication, particularly for the dead zones. These antennas can be installed on building windows, car windscreens, towers, trees, and smart windows, which enables network access for vehicles and people passing by those locations. Several transparent materials and techniques are used for transparent antenna design. Thin-film and mesh-grid techniques are very popular to transform metallic parts of the antenna into a transparent material. In this article, a comprehensive review of both the techniques used for the design of OTAs is presented. The performance comparison of OTAs on the basis of bandwidth, gain, transparency, transmittance, and efficiency is also presented. An OTA is the best choice in these situations to improve the aesthetics and comfort of the surroundings with high antenna performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic, Acoustic and Mechanical Metamaterials)
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