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Applied Sciences
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Geomechanics and Reservoir Simulation
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Geomechanics and Reservoir Simulation

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 3290

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jingshou Liu

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Guest Editor
School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: reservoir geomechanics; in situ stress; reservoir fracture; rock mechanics; unconventional reservoir
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Wenlong Ding

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: reservoir fracture; rock mechanics; unconventional reservoirs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jianhua He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
Interests: evaluation of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs; geometry and mechanics of fold and fault structures and natural fracture systems; in situ stress prediction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of oil and gas reservoirs has been greatly improved over the past decade worldwide. Despite their great potential, economic hydrocarbon production from these resources is hampered by our poor understanding of reservoir geology and limited engineering technology. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the study of geomechanics and reservoir simulation due to commercial development. Geomechanics and reservoir simulation encompass the fields of structural geology, petroleum geology, rock mechanics, and petroleum engineering, and it aims to solve a wide range of mechanical problems which arose during the exploitation of unconventional resources. Moreover, recent advances in geomechanics-based geoengineering enable scientists to research different scales of oil and gas reservoir exploitation in laboratories. With the in-depth development of multidisciplinary intersections, big data, artificial intelligence algorithms, and others, many new methods have been introduced into geomechanics and reservoir simulation, and a number of new research results are emerging. With the rapid development of the oil and gas industry, there are several fundamental issues regarding geomechanics and reservoir simulation that are worth further investigation. The purpose of this research topic is to describe new developments and to expound basic theories, technical methods, field practices, and technological frontiers in geomechanics and reservoir simulation. This research topic will collect comprehensive review articles and original research articles of any scientific work and fundamental study for “geomechanics and reservoir simulation”.

Prof. Dr. Jingshou Liu
Prof. Dr. Wenlong Ding
Dr. Jianhua He
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • reservoir geomechanics
  • reservoir simulation
  • in situ stress
  • reservoir fracture
  • rock mechanics
  • unconventional reservoir
  • deep and ultradeep reservoirs
  • tectonic evolution

Published Papers (4 papers)

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17 pages, 11207 KiB  
Article
Organic Petrologic Characterization and Paleoenvironmental Analysis of Permian Shale in Northeast Sichuan Province, China
by Chao Jiang and Xiaomin Xie
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2792; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072792 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 333
Abstract
The Permian shale in Northeast Sichuan is an important shale oil and gas resource potential area, and the study of its organic matter characteristics and paleoenvironmental analysis is of great significance for revealing the shale oil and gas formation mechanism and resource evaluation. [...] Read more.
The Permian shale in Northeast Sichuan is an important shale oil and gas resource potential area, and the study of its organic matter characteristics and paleoenvironmental analysis is of great significance for revealing the shale oil and gas formation mechanism and resource evaluation. In this study, the organic matter of Permian shales in northeast Sichuan was carefully studied based on various analytical tools, such as petrology, laser Raman, microscopy, and principal trace elements, and the paleoenvironmental parameters of the shales were comprehensively analysed. A detailed study of the organic matter characteristics of Permian shales in northeast Sichuan reveals important features such as organic matter fractions, structural characteristics, maturity and sources. The results show that the organic matter of the shale consists mainly of solid bitumen, putrescine group, specular group and multicellular planktonic algae. Petrological observations and laser Raman analyses indicate a high maturity of the organic matter and a high content of organic carbon (TOC), showing good hydrocarbon potential. In this study, we reconstructed the palaeoenvironmental parameters and inferred the palaeoenvironmental evolution through palaeoenvironmental analyses of Permian shales in northeast Sichuan. The results of the comprehensive multi-indicator study show that the type of palaeoenvironment at the time of shale deposition was mainly an anoxic-reducing environment, and the depositional conditions were favourable to the enrichment and preservation of organic matter. In summary, the organic matter characteristics and paleoenvironmental analyses of the Permian shales in Northeast Sichuan provide important geological background information for an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanism, exploration potential and development prospect of shale hydrocarbons in this area. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the evaluation and development of shale oil and gas resources in this area, which is of great significance to geologists and the energy industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomechanics and Reservoir Simulation)
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19 pages, 5955 KiB  
Article
Study on the Mechanism of Stress Sensitivity Changes in Ultra-Deep Carbonate Reservoirs
by Wanjie Cai, Shan Jiang and Hong Liu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2322; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062322 - 09 Mar 2024
Viewed by 627
Abstract
Quantitative evaluation of stress sensitivity of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs has been one of the challenges in exploration and development, and the problem of permeability loss law in ultra-deep carbonates under variable stress conditions has not been solved so far and further research is [...] Read more.
Quantitative evaluation of stress sensitivity of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs has been one of the challenges in exploration and development, and the problem of permeability loss law in ultra-deep carbonates under variable stress conditions has not been solved so far and further research is urgently needed. Through experimental and numerical simulation methods, the stress-sensitive evaluation equations were established based on matrix-type carbonate and fractured carbonate reservoirs, the stress-sensitive changes under different Young’s modulus were discussed, and the degree of permeability loss under different stresses was evaluated. Finally, the dual-media model of ultra-deep carbonate was established, and the practical application was carried out in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin. Studies have shown that (1) under the same effective stress, the stress sensitivity of matrix-type and fracture-type carbonate reservoirs is related to the Young’s modulus of the rock skeleton. In matrix-type carbonate reservoirs, rocks with a larger Young’s modulus have smaller rigidity and stronger stress sensitivity. In fracture-type carbonate reservoirs, the stress sensitivity is relatively weak under a smaller Young’s modulus, and relatively strong under a larger Young’s modulus. (2) Measured under the conditions of 87 MPa of peripheral pressure, 50 MPa of flow pressure, and 120 °C, the effective stress of matrix-type carbonate reservoirs has an exponential relationship with the permeability of reservoirs. The degree of stress sensitivity for fracture-type is generally higher than that of matrix-type reservoirs, and the smaller the Young’s modulus, the larger the difference in stress sensitivity. (3) The stress sensitivity of typical ultra-deep carbonates in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin is higher by establishing a dual-porosity model based on the initiating pressure gradient, which supports new evidence for the characteristics of ultra-deep carbonates with high-stress sensitivity. In actual production, the impact of stress sensitivity on the reservoir volume calculation and efficient development of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs requires critical attention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomechanics and Reservoir Simulation)
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17 pages, 3283 KiB  
Article
Research Progress on the Microfracture of Shale: Experimental Methods, Microfracture Propagation, Simulations, and Perspectives
by Jianyong Zhang, Zhendong Cui, Xiaopeng Chen and Longfei Li
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020784 - 17 Jan 2024
Viewed by 733
Abstract
The fracture network generated by hydraulic fracturing in unconventional shale reservoirs contains numerous microfractures that are connected to macroscopic fractures. These microfractures serve as crucial pathways for shale gas to flow out from micro- and nano-scale pores, playing a critical role in enhancing [...] Read more.
The fracture network generated by hydraulic fracturing in unconventional shale reservoirs contains numerous microfractures that are connected to macroscopic fractures. These microfractures serve as crucial pathways for shale gas to flow out from micro- and nano-scale pores, playing a critical role in enhancing shale gas recovery. Currently, more attention is being given by academia and industry to the evolution of macroscopic fracture networks, while the understanding of the microfracture mechanisms and evolution is relatively limited. A significant number of microfractures are generated during the hydraulic fracturing process of shale. These microfractures subsequently propagate, merge, and interconnect to form macroscopic fractures. Therefore, studying the fracture process of rock masses from a microscale perspective holds important theoretical significance and engineering value. Based on the authors’ research experience and literature review, this paper provides a brief overview of current progress in shale microfracture research from five aspects: in situ observation experiments of microfractures in shale, formation and evolution processes of discontinuous microfractures, the impact of inhomogeneity on microfracture propagation, measurement methods for microscale mechanical parameters and deformation quantities in shale, and numerical simulation of shale microfractures. This paper also summarizes the main challenges and future research prospects in shale microfracture studies, including: (1) quantitative characterization of in situ observation experimental data on shale microfractures; (2) formation and evolution laws of macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic multi-scale discontinuous fractures; (3) more in-depth and microscale characterization of shale heterogeneity and its deformation and fracture mechanisms; (4) acquisition of shale micro-mechanical parameters; (5) refinement and accuracy improvement of the numerical simulation of microfractures in shale. Addressing these research questions will not only contribute to the further development of microfracture theory in rocks but also provide insights for hydraulic fracturing in shale gas extraction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomechanics and Reservoir Simulation)
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14 pages, 4671 KiB  
Article
A New Approach of Well Productivity Evaluation for Fractured Buried Hill Gas Reservoirs Based on Imaging Logging Data
by Hongri Bi and Peng Chen
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(22), 12328; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212328 - 15 Nov 2023
Viewed by 785
Abstract
Fractures function as storage spaces and effective seepage channels for metamorphic rock buried hill reservoirs. Their effectiveness and permeability govern the content and enrichment of oil and gas. Owing to the convoluted distribution patterns of fractures, it is arduous to gauge the effectiveness [...] Read more.
Fractures function as storage spaces and effective seepage channels for metamorphic rock buried hill reservoirs. Their effectiveness and permeability govern the content and enrichment of oil and gas. Owing to the convoluted distribution patterns of fractures, it is arduous to gauge the effectiveness and permeability of fractures with precision, thus rendering well productivity prediction difficult. This article cites fractured gas reservoirs in a metamorphic rock buried hill as an example. Through comprehensive usage of core and imaging logging data to finely interpret fractures, calculate the fracture parameters that control productivity, including fracture density, fracture width, and fracture porosity. According to the evaluation index of fracture effectiveness, the method of constructing effectiveness index is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness. Combined with the study of the law of influence of fracture parameters on reservoir permeability, the permeability index is established to reflect permeability. Productivity coefficients for fractured reservoirs with pollution factors have been established by using well-test interpretation data. To evaluate the well productivity of buried hill reservoirs, a productivity assessment chart is constructed by integrating the fracture effectiveness index, permeability index, and productivity coefficient. This chart enables prompt predictions of the buried hill reservoir’s productivity. In order to verify the reliability of the method, a comprehensive comparison is made through conventional, array acoustic logging data and test data. The results show that the method is well applied in the evaluation of metamorphic rock buried hill reservoirs and provides a new idea for the rapid prediction of well productivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomechanics and Reservoir Simulation)
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