Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
5.3
2.5
Journals
Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Material Evaluation Methods of Additive-Manufactured Components
applsci-logo
Submit to Applied Sciences Review for Applied Sciences Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

► Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser
share announcement

Material Evaluation Methods of Additive-Manufactured Components

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Acoustics and Vibrations".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 2804

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Kanji Ono

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Interests: acoustic emission; nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of structural materials; structural health monitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The present Special Issue focuses on nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and material characterization of additive-manufactured (AM) components and structures. Ultrasonic wave propagation and acoustic emission phenomena have been widely utilized successfully for many years in the field of NDE and in AM research. However, additive manufacturing technology demands increasingly higher levels of performance of NDE.

Newer approaches are essential to attain breakthrough achievements using modeling tools and emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The following topical areas are listed as examples, and other synergic efforts are also encouraged:

  • NDE methods directed towards AM components merging AI with all areas of NDE;
  • Structural evaluation under extreme environments;
  • Elastic wave methods with attenuation and dispersion for material characterization;
  • Sensor technology and wireless systems;
  • New generation CT scan technology for AM products;
  • Elastic waves and AE methods with damage and fracture mechanics;
  • AE applications to flaw identification in AM structures;
  • High-frequency eddy current and THz methods for quality control processes;
  • Holography, shearography and MOI applications for AM products;
  • Instrumented acoustic methods for AM production.

Prof. Dr. Kanji Ono
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • additive manufacturing
  • AM components and structures
  • elastic wave NDE methods
  • acoustic emission (AE)
  • material characterization
  • extreme environments
  • NDE with artificial intelligence

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

14 pages, 5871 KiB  
Article
Additive Manufacturing for Automotive Radar Sensors Using Copper Inks and Pastes
by Nihesh Mohan, Fabian Steinberger, Sonja Wächter, Hüseyin Erdogan and Gordon Elger
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 2676; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052676 - 2 Mar 2025
Viewed by 836
Abstract
Radar sensors are critical for obstacle detection and navigation, especially for automated driving. Using the use-case “printing of heating coils on the inside of the front housing (primary radome)” needed for de-icing in winter, it is demonstrated that additive manufacturing (AM) can provide [...] Read more.
Radar sensors are critical for obstacle detection and navigation, especially for automated driving. Using the use-case “printing of heating coils on the inside of the front housing (primary radome)” needed for de-icing in winter, it is demonstrated that additive manufacturing (AM) can provide economic and functional benefits for manufacturing of the sensors. AM will allow significant cost reduction by eliminating parts and simplifying the manufacturing process. Different AM technologies for the coils were investigated, first, by applying the conductive traces by fused deposition modeling (FDM), and, second, by printing copper particle-free inks and pastes. The metal layers were electrically and mechanically characterized using a profilometer to measure the trace dimension and a four-point probe to measure the resistance. It was revealed that low-cost conductive filaments with low resistivity and current carrying capacity are commercially still not available. The best option sourced was a copper–polyester-based filament with 6000 µΩcm after printing. Therefore, low-cost particle-free copper inks and commercial copper flake paste were selected to print the heating coil. The Cu particle-free inks were amine-based Cu (II) formate complexes, where the Cu exists in an ionic form. Using contactless printing processes such as ink-jet printing or pneumatic dispensing, the traces could be deposited onto the low-melting temperature (225 °C) polymeric radome structure. After printing, the material needed to be sintered to form the conductive copper traces. To avoid damaging the polymer radome during sintering, two different processes were investigated: low-temperature (<150 °C) sintering in an oven for 30 min or fast laser sintering. The sintered Cu layers achieved the following specific electric resistivities when slowly sintered in the oven: paste 4 µΩcm and ink 8.8 µΩcm. Using laser sintering, the ink achieved 3.2 µΩcm because the locally high temperature provides better sintering. Also, the adhesion was significantly increased to (5 B). Therefore, laser sintering is the preferred technology. In addition, it allows fast processing directly after printing. Commercial equipment is available where printing and laser sintering is integrated. The potential of low-cost copper material and the integration in additive manufacturing of electronic systems using radar sensors as an example are demonstrated in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material Evaluation Methods of Additive-Manufactured Components)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 5704 KiB  
Article
Application of Ultrasonic Testing for Assessing the Elastic Properties of PLA Manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling
by Mariya Pozhanka, Andrei Zagrai, Fidel Baez Avila and Borys Drach
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7639; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177639 - 29 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1339
Abstract
This study demonstrated the potential of a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method to assess the elastic properties of materials printed under various parameters. A database was created documenting the relationship between the elastic properties (Young’s modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio) of PLA (polylactic [...] Read more.
This study demonstrated the potential of a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method to assess the elastic properties of materials printed under various parameters. A database was created documenting the relationship between the elastic properties (Young’s modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio) of PLA (polylactic acid) materials and selected printing parameters such as temperature, speed, and layer height. PLA, which is widely used in additive manufacturing, offers convenient testing conditions due to its less demanding control compared to materials like metals. Ultrasonic testing was conducted on specimens printed under different nozzle temperatures, speeds, and layer heights. The results indicated that an increase in the printing temperature corresponded to an increase in material density and elastic properties of the material. In contrast, an increase in layer height led to a decrease in both density and the elastic properties of the material. Variations in the nozzle speed had a negligible effect on density and did not show a notable effect on the elastic moduli. This study demonstrated that ultrasonic testing is effective in measuring the elastic properties of PLA materials and shows the potential of real-time ultrasonic NDE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material Evaluation Methods of Additive-Manufactured Components)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

21 pages, 1986 KiB  
Review
ML-Based Materials Evaluation in 3D Printing
by Izabela Rojek, Dariusz Mikołajewski, Krzysztof Galas and Jakub Kopowski
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 5523; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105523 - 15 May 2025
Viewed by 162
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is transforming the evaluation of 3D printing materials, enabling more efficient and accurate assessment of material properties, including their sustainable life cycle. ML algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data from previous printing processes to predict the performance of different [...] Read more.
Machine learning (ML) is transforming the evaluation of 3D printing materials, enabling more efficient and accurate assessment of material properties, including their sustainable life cycle. ML algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data from previous printing processes to predict the performance of different materials (including those used in multi-material printing) under different conditions. This predictive ability helps in selecting the most suitable materials for specific printing tasks, optimizing the mechanical, chemical, and overall quality of the final product. Furthermore, by integrating real-time data from sensors during the printing process, ML can continuously monitor and adjust parameters, ensuring optimal material utilization and reducing waste. ML models can identify and correct defects in printed materials by recognizing patterns associated with defects, thus improving the reliability of 3D-printed objects. This approach reduces the need for expensive and time-consuming physical tests. This accelerates the pace of 3D printing development but also increases the precision of material selection and processing, contributing to more efficient use of materials and energy for printing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material Evaluation Methods of Additive-Manufactured Components)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-3
Back to TopTop