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Applied Sciences
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New Progress in Interdisciplinary Research of Geological Energy and Resources
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New Progress in Interdisciplinary Research of Geological Energy and Resources

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 June 2024 | Viewed by 4934

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Difei Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China
Interests: unconventional oil and gas geology; AI+ energy technology; sedimentary petrology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yinghai Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: coal; oil and gas geology; sedimentology and paleogeography
Prof. Dr. Guangying Ren

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
Interests: paleontology and stratigraphy; energy/agricultural geology; environmental geochemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate change and the unbalanced relationship between supply and demand have put exceeding pressure on the world's geological energy and resources. These issues have brought about changes in research topics and the direction of geological energy and resources. Interdisciplinary research is playing an increasingly important role in promoting the technological progress of energy and resources. Against this background, it is of great significance to provide an up-to-date outlook of the new research trends and latest research progress. 

Areas relevant to advances in theoretical and new technology application research on conventional and unconventional energy include, but are not limited to: new understandings of geological theory of unconventional energy (shale gas, coalbed methane, tight gas and oil shale), new technology applications or theoretical research progress in conventional energy and geological resources (coal, oil, gas, and energy mineral resources), intelligent mining and AI-based geological surveys, sedimentary petrology related to energy and resources, etc.

This Special Issue will publish high-quality, original research papers in the overlapping fields of :

  • Geological research on unconventional resources;
  • New technology applications;
  • Intelligent mining;
  • AI-based geological survey;
  • Sedimentary petrology related to energy and resources;
  • Reservoir characterization and reconstruction technology;
  • Research on energy mineral resources;
  • Organic petrology;
  • Sedimentology and paleogeography;
  • Geological evolution process;
  • Interdisciplinary study of geology and paleontology

Dr. Difei Zhao
Prof. Dr. Yinghai Guo
Prof. Dr. Guangying Ren
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • unconventional energy
  • reservoir
  • sedimentary petrology
  • AI-based geology
  • intelligent mining
  • sedimentology and paleogeography
  • shale gas and oil
  • coalbed methane
  • tight gas/oil
  • oil shale
  • new technology applications
  • geological simulation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 6170 KiB  
Article
Experimental Studies on Pore Structure and the Gas Content Evolution Mechanisms of Shale Gas Reservoirs at Different Burial Depths in the Longmaxi Formation, Southern Sichuan Basin
by Yonghong Fu, Renjing Zhang, Yuqiang Jiang, Xiangyu Fan and Yifan Gu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(24), 13194; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132413194 - 12 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 812
Abstract
Micro- and nano-scale pores develop in shale reservoirs, and the associated pore structure controls the occurrence state, gas content, seepage capacity, and micro-migration and accumulation mechanisms of shale gas. For this study, we mainly conducted tests, using field emission-scanning electron microscopy, of the [...] Read more.
Micro- and nano-scale pores develop in shale reservoirs, and the associated pore structure controls the occurrence state, gas content, seepage capacity, and micro-migration and accumulation mechanisms of shale gas. For this study, we mainly conducted tests, using field emission-scanning electron microscopy, of the isothermal methane adsorption of powder-sized samples under high temperatures (60–130 °C) and pressures (0–45 MPa), along with methane-saturated nuclear magnetic resonance tests of plug-sized samples under different temperatures (60–100 °C) and pressures (0–35 MPa). These samples were from Longmaxi shale cores from strata at different burial depths from the Zhaotong, Weiyuan, and Luzhou areas. As the burial depth increases, organic pores transform from complex networks to relatively isolated and circular pore-like structures, and the proportion of organic matter-hosted pores increases from 25.0% to 61.2%. The pore size is influenced by the pressure difference inside and outside the pores, as well as the surface tension of organic matter in situ. As the burial depth increases to 4200 m, the main peak of the pore size first increases from 5–30 nm to 200–400 nm and then decreases to 50–200 nm. This work establishes an NMR method of saturated methane on plug-sized samples to test the free gas content and develop a prediction model of shale reservoirs at different burial depths. The gas content of a shale reservoir is influenced by both burial depths and pore structure. When the burial depth of the shale gas reservoir is less than 2000 m, inorganic pores and microfractures develop, and the self-sealing ability of the reservoir in terms of retaining shale gas is weak, resulting in low gas content. However, due to the small pore size of organic pores and the low formation temperature, the content of adsorbed gas increases, accounting for up to 60%. As the burial depth increases, the free gas and total gas content increase; at 4500 m, the total gas content of shale reservoirs is 18.9 m3/t, and the proportion of free gas can be as high as 80%. The total gas content predicted by our method is consistent with the results of the pressure-holding coring technique, which is about twice our original understanding of gas content, greatly enhancing our confidence in the possibility of accelerating the exploration and development of deep shale gas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress in Interdisciplinary Research of Geological Energy and Resources)
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13 pages, 7239 KiB  
Article
Pore Structure and Fluid Evaluation of Deep Organic-Rich Marine Shale: A Case Study from Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation of Southern Sichuan Basin
by Guangyin Cai, Yifan Gu, Yuqiang Jiang and Zhanlei Wang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7827; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137827 - 3 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 840
Abstract
Deeply buried (>3500 m) marine shale has become a focus point for the future exploration and exploitation of shale hydrocarbon in China. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and other experiments were combined to characterize the pore [...] Read more.
Deeply buried (>3500 m) marine shale has become a focus point for the future exploration and exploitation of shale hydrocarbon in China. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and other experiments were combined to characterize the pore structure and fluid division in deep-marine shale of the southern Sichuan Basin in this study. The results suggest that the deep-marine shale had a relatively developed nanopore network, especially with honeycomb organic pores. These organic pores were largely macropores with good connectivity in three-dimensional space and constituted the major reservoir space of the deep-marine shale gas. Microfractures were predominantly clay-mineral-related fractures, and the development degree of microfractures connected with organic pores was low, which contributed to the preservation of organic pores. Within the deep-marine shale interval, the pore volumes of Section 1 and Section 3 were higher. Pore volume was predominantly contributed by pores above 10 nm, where macropores accounted for a large proportion. Based on a combination of high-speed centrifugation and gradient temperature drying, the pore fluid of deep-marine shale reservoirs was quantitatively classified into four types: clay-bound fluid, capillary-bound fluid, free-flowing fluid, and closed-pore fluid. The clay-bound fluid existed in pores of less than 4.25 nm, which cannot be exploited. Quantitative division of the shale pore system could be realized by using the pore space differences of different types of fluids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress in Interdisciplinary Research of Geological Energy and Resources)
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24 pages, 5893 KiB  
Article
Comparing the Pore Networks of Coal, Shale, and Tight Sandstone Reservoirs of Shanxi Formation, Qinshui Basin: Inspirations for Multi-Superimposed Gas Systems in Coal-Bearing Strata
by Difei Zhao, Jiaming Zhang, Xin Guan, Dandan Liu, Qinxia Wang, Weiwei Jiao, Xueqing Zhou, Yingjie Li, Geoff Wang and Yinghai Guo
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4414; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074414 - 30 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1412
Abstract
Transitional upper carboniferous Shanxi Formation coal-bearing strata in Qinshui Basin have been proven to be a set of mixed unconventional gas-bearing reservoirs forming a multi-superimposed gas system that consists of multiple independent fluid pressure systems vertically through the strata. An experimental protocol was [...] Read more.
Transitional upper carboniferous Shanxi Formation coal-bearing strata in Qinshui Basin have been proven to be a set of mixed unconventional gas-bearing reservoirs forming a multi-superimposed gas system that consists of multiple independent fluid pressure systems vertically through the strata. An experimental protocol was designed to compare the pore networks in high-rank coal, shale, and tight sandstone reservoirs from Shanxi Formation using quantitative and qualitative experimental methods, including high-pressure mercury injection porosimetry (MIP), low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption (LN2GA), and argon ion polishing–field emission scanning electron microscope (AIP-FESEM). The results show that genetic and structural differences in pore types, morphology, abundance, and proportion in coal, shale, and tight sandstone reservoirs are significant, reflecting strong heterogeneity characteristics. Pore networks determine the roles of different types of reservoirs in gas-bearing systems through differentiated pore structure, development degree, and spatial distribution. Due to the differences in nanopore development and connectivity, coal and tight sandstone reservoirs provide important reservoir spaces for adsorbed and free gas in the system. Thus, they become influential factors controlling the relationship between the gas-bearing subsystems with different fluid pressures. The lack of mesopores in shale and relatively weaker heterogeneity between layers lead to the phenomenon that continuously developed shales of a specific thickness are more likely to be the interlayers that divide the superimposed gas-bearing system. Systematic comparison of pore development characteristics will provide scientific support to further explain the formation mechanism of multi-superimposed gas systems in coal-bearing strata from the perspective of pore networks and provide guidance for the development of unconventional natural gas in coal-bearing strata. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress in Interdisciplinary Research of Geological Energy and Resources)
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19 pages, 7540 KiB  
Article
Research on the Development Law of Water-Conducting Fracture Zone in the Combined Mining of Jurassic and Carboniferous Coal Seams
by Cunjin Lu, Jinpeng Xu, Qiang Li, Hui Zhao and Yao He
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 11178; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122111178 - 4 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1281
Abstract
The accurate prediction of the height of the water-conducting fracture zone is essential for the prevention of roof damage by water disasters in coal mines. The development law of water-conducting fracture zone in combined mining of Jurassic and Carboniferous coal seams is different [...] Read more.
The accurate prediction of the height of the water-conducting fracture zone is essential for the prevention of roof damage by water disasters in coal mines. The development law of water-conducting fracture zone in combined mining of Jurassic and Carboniferous coal seams is different from that of previous research results. This study constructed an engineering geomechanics model to carry out material simulation and numerical simulation. The changes of stress, displacement, and fracture propagation were analyzed and compared with the results of formula calculation and field measurement, revealing the combined action of Jurassic and Carboniferous coal seams on the development law of water-conducting fracture zone. The results show that: (1) stress concentration is formed in the middle of the goaf in Jurassic coal seam, resulting in the high height of water-conducting fracture zone and the fracture “closed”; (2) the mining of Carboniferous coal seams caused the second subsidence of Jurassic goaf, and closed fracture “activated”; (3) the height of the water-conducting fracture zone obtained by the empirical formula is small, which is quite different from the actual situation. These research results are of significance for determining the height of the water-conducting fracture zone in Jurassic and Carboniferous coal seams during combined mining and the prevention of coal roof water hazards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress in Interdisciplinary Research of Geological Energy and Resources)
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