Antimicrobial Resistance and Quest for Novel Antibiotics in Asia

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 4083

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; antibiotics; gut microbiome systematics; natural product chemistry

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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; bacteriophage; endolysin; molecular microbiology

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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, Republic of Korea
Interests: soil, water and sediment; organic pollutants; trace elements; mercury; VOCs; arctic sediment; remediation; bacteria; isolation and screening of microorganisms; gene sequencing; bioremediation; chemical oxidation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rise and dissemination of resistant bacteria and the improper use of antibiotics have led to increasing cases of antimicrobial resistance. The rise and spread of antimicrobial resistance can threaten public health and add an economic burden. Insufficient surveillance systems, a lack of appropriate policy, and poor publications regarding the use of antibiotics and its resistance pattern have complicated the exact scenario of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, the search for novel alternatives of antibiotics is inevitable. In recent years, several effective strategies have been introduced to discover novel antibiotics from uncultured microorganisms, in addition to phage therapy and endolysin as alternatives of antibiotics. This Special Issue includes studies regarding antimicrobial resistance in Asia, with the aim of discovering novel antibiotics from uncultured microbes, bacteriophage, and endolysins.

Dr. Ram Hari Dahal
Dr. Md. Maidul Islam
Dr. Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • multidrug-resistant pathogens
  • uncultured bacteria
  • novel antibiotics
  • bacteriophage
  • endolysin

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 2513 KiB  
Article
Differentiation of Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease/Ischemic Colitis and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns
by Ram Hari Dahal, Yoon-Jung Choi, Shukho Kim and Jungmin Kim
Antibiotics 2023, 12(1), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010154 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3240
Abstract
Genotypically, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly differentiates between species. However, species delineation between Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia coli is much more difficult and cannot be distinguished by 16S rRNA gene sequences alone. Hence, in this study, we attempted to differentiate E. fergusonii [...] Read more.
Genotypically, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly differentiates between species. However, species delineation between Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia coli is much more difficult and cannot be distinguished by 16S rRNA gene sequences alone. Hence, in this study, we attempted to differentiate E. fergusonii and E. coli isolated from faecal samples of disease-associated Korean individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)/ischemic colitis (IC) and test the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated strains. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the adenylate kinase (adk) housekeeping gene from the E. coli multi locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all disease-associated strains in addition to healthy control isolates to 14 antibiotics were determined by broth microdilution-based technique. Next, 83 isolates from 11 disease-associated faecal samples were identified as E. fergusonii using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis using the adk gene from E. coli MLST scheme revealed that most of the strains (94%) were E. coli. A total of 58 resistance patterns were obtained from 83 strains of disease-associated (IBD/IC) isolates. All isolates were resistant to at least one tested antimicrobial agent, with the highest resistance against erythromycin (88.0%), ampicillin (86.7%), ciprofloxacin (73.5%), cephalothin (72.3%), gentamicin (59%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (53%), cefotaxime (49.4%), and ceftriaxone (48.2%). A total of 90.7% of isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producers among the resistant strains to third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone). ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and ischemic colitis (IC) were 92.3%, 82.4%, and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, adk-based phylogenetic analysis may be the most accurate method for distinguishing E. coli and E. fergusonii from Escherichia genus. We identified four loci in adk gene sequences which makes it easier to discriminate between E. coli and E. fergusonii. Additionally, we believe that gut colonization by multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli may play a significant role in IBD/IC pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance and Quest for Novel Antibiotics in Asia)
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