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Hospital Acquired Infections, Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria, Alternative Approaches to Antibiotic Therapy, 2nd Volume

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A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2024) | Viewed by 2463

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Pavel Bostik

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
Interests: antibiotic resistance; molecular biology; hospital infections; natural compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Milan Kolar

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Interests: bacterial infections; antibiotic therapy; antibiotic resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The first volume of the Special Issue “Hospital Acquired Infections, Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria, Alternative Approaches to Antibiotic Therapy” was published in the year 2021. It is a successful issue with 15 published papers. See details at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/antibiotics/special_issues/Hospital_Acquired.

We have been encouraged to open a second volume with the same topic. You are invited to communicate your recent scientific achievements, and hopefully we can engage in future collaborations.

Resistance to known and currently used antibiotics represents a growing issue worldwide. It poses a major problem in the treatment of infectious diseases in general and hospital-acquired infections in particular. This is in part due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in past decades, which led to the selection of highly resistant bacteria and even so-called superbugs—multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Nosocomial infections, particularly, are often caused by MDR bacterial pathogens, and the treatment of such infections is very complicated and extensive, often leading to various side effects. Even though MDR bacteria are widespread globally, their epidemiology varies by region. Hospital-acquired infections caused by MDR bacteria remain an unresolved problem in the healthcare system. A very important part of the overall therapeutic approach is the microbiological examination of adequate clinical materials, in particular blood culture tests. The obtained results allow targeted antibiotic therapy based on the identification of bacterial pathogens and the determination of their susceptibility/resistance to antibiotics. Molecular genetic methods are an integral part of solving the problem of bacterial resistance. Only adequately selected molecular typing methods may confirm or rule out epidemiologically related cases. If a new outbreak or merely an increased rate of MDR bacteria is reasonably suspected, the clonal relationship of strains needs to be analyzed to reveal the source or route of transmission.

At the same time, the development of novel antibiotics is lagging, with very few new ones in the pipeline. Finding viable alternatives to treat such infections may help to overcome these therapeutic issues.

This Special Issue will publish papers exploring developments in the field of bacterial resistance, mainly in hospital settings, adequate antibiotic therapy, and identification of compounds useful for battling this growing issue.

Prof. Dr. Pavel Bostik
Prof. Dr. Milan Kolar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

multidrug resistant bacteria
molecular typing
hospital acquired infections
antibiotic therapy
antibiotic compounds

Related Special Issue

Hospital Acquired Infections, Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria, Alternative Approaches to Antibiotic Therapy in Antibiotics (10 articles)

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1618 KiB

Open AccessArticle

One Hundred Explicit Definitions of Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions of Antibiotics in Hospitalized Older Patients: The Results of an Expert Consensus Study

by Nicolas Baclet, Emmanuel Forestier, Gaëtan Gavazzi, Claire Roubaud-Baudron, Vincent Hiernard, Rozenn Hequette-Ruz, Serge Alfandari, Hugues Aumaître, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Pauline Caraux-Paz, Alexandre Charmillon, Sylvain Diamantis, Thibaut Fraisse, Pierre Gazeau, Maxime Hentzien, Jean-Philippe Lanoix, Marc Paccalin, Alain Putot, Yvon Ruch, Eric Senneville and Jean-Baptiste Beuscart Show full author list Hide full author list

Antibiotics 2024, 13(3), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13030283 - 20 Mar 2024

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Abstract

Background: In geriatrics, explicit criteria for potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) are useful for optimizing drug use. Objective: To produce an expert consensus on explicit definitions of antibiotic-PIPs for hospitalized older patients. Methods: We conducted a Delphi survey involving French experts on antibiotic stewardship in hospital settings. During the survey’s rounds, the experts gave their opinion on each explicit definition, and could suggest new definitions. Definitions with a 1-to-9 Likert score of between 7 and 9 from at least 75% of the participants were adopted. The results were discussed during consensus meetings after each round. Results: Of the 155 invited experts, 128 (82.6%) participated in the whole survey: 59 (46%) infectious diseases specialists, 45 (35%) geriatricians, and 24 (19%) other specialists. In Round 1, 65 explicit definitions were adopted and 21 new definitions were suggested. In Round 2, 35 other explicit definitions were adopted. The results were validated during consensus meetings (with 44 participants after Round 1, and 54 after Round 2). Conclusions: The present study is the first to have provided a list of explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for hospitalized older patients. It might help to disseminate key messages to prescribers and reduce inappropriate prescriptions of antibiotics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hospital Acquired Infections, Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria, Alternative Approaches to Antibiotic Therapy, 2nd Volume)

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23 pages, 2987 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bacterial Community- and Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients with Critical COVID-19—A Prospective Monocentric Cohort Study

by Lenka Doubravská, Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková, Kateřina Fišerová, Olga Klementová, Radovan Turek, Kateřina Langová and Milan Kolář

Antibiotics 2024, 13(2), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13020192 - 16 Feb 2024

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Abstract

The impact of bacterial pneumonia on patients with COVID-19 infection remains unclear. This prospective observational monocentric cohort study aims to determine the incidence of bacterial community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia (CAP and HAP) and its effect on mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at University Hospital Olomouc between 1 November 2020 and 31 December 2022. The secondary objectives of this study include identifying the bacterial etiology of CAP and HAP and exploring the capabilities of diagnostic tools, with a focus on inflammatory biomarkers. Data were collected from the electronic information hospital system, encompassing biomarkers, microbiological findings, and daily visit records, and subsequently evaluated by ICU physicians and clinical microbiologists. Out of 171 patients suffering from critical COVID-19, 46 (27%) had CAP, while 78 (46%) developed HAP. Critically ill COVID-19 patients who experienced bacterial CAP and HAP exhibited higher mortality compared to COVID-19 patients without any bacterial infection, with rates of 38% and 56% versus 11%, respectively. In CAP, the most frequent causative agents were chlamydophila and mycoplasma; Enterobacterales, which were multidrug-resistant in 71% of cases; Gram-negative non-fermenting rods; and Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, no strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were detected, and only a single strain each of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis was isolated. The most frequent etiologic agents causing HAP were Enterobacterales and Gram-negative non-fermenting rods. Based on the presented results, commonly used biochemical markers demonstrated poor predictive and diagnostic accuracy. To confirm the diagnosis of bacterial CAP in our patient cohort, it was necessary to assess the initial values of inflammatory markers (particularly procalcitonin), consider clinical signs indicative of bacterial infection, and/or rely on positive microbiological findings. For HAP diagnostics, it was appropriate to conduct regular detailed clinical examinations (with a focus on evaluating respiratory functions) and closely monitor the dynamics of inflammatory markers (preferably Interleukin-6). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hospital Acquired Infections, Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria, Alternative Approaches to Antibiotic Therapy, 2nd Volume)

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