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Antibiotics
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Drug Repositioning in Antimicrobial Therapy, 2nd Edition
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Drug Repositioning in Antimicrobial Therapy, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 3853

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Alessia Carocci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
Interests: biological active compounds; antimicrobials; antiarrhythmics; anticancers; melatonergic drugs; voltage-gated sodium channel blockers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alexia Barbarossa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: study of the antimicrobial activity of compounds of natural or synthetic origin or repositioned drugs and their synergies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The first volume of the Special Issue “Drug Repositioning in Antimicrobial Therapy” was published successfully, and this encouraged us to open a second volume focused on the same topic.

As a continuation of the first Special Issue, this second volume will also deliver the latest approaches and challenges associated with the development of drug repositioning. Topics may include, but are not limited to:

  • Drug repositioning;
  • Anti-infective agents;
  • Bacterial resistance;
  • Multi-drug resistant bacteria;
  • Essential oils;
  • Chemotherapy;
  • Antimicrobial therapy.

Dr. Alessia Carocci
Dr. Alexia Barbarossa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2407 KiB  
Article
Mitomycin C as an Anti-Persister Strategy against Klebsiella pneumoniae: Toxicity and Synergy Studies
by Olga Pacios, Soraya Herrera-Espejo, Lucía Armán, Clara Ibarguren-Quiles, Lucía Blasco, Inés Bleriot, Laura Fernández-García, Concha Ortiz-Cartagena, María Paniagua, Antonio Barrio-Pujante, Belén Aracil, José Miguel Cisneros, María Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez and María Tomás
Antibiotics 2024, 13(9), 815; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090815 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 801
Abstract
The combination of several therapeutic strategies is often seen as a good way to decrease resistance rates, since bacteria can more easily overcome single-drug treatments than multi-drug ones. This strategy is especially attractive when several targets and subpopulations are affected, as it is [...] Read more.
The combination of several therapeutic strategies is often seen as a good way to decrease resistance rates, since bacteria can more easily overcome single-drug treatments than multi-drug ones. This strategy is especially attractive when several targets and subpopulations are affected, as it is the case of Klebsiella pneumoniae persister cells, a subpopulation of bacteria able to transiently survive antibiotic exposures. This work aims to evaluate the potential of a repurposed anticancer drug, mitomycin C, combined with the K. pneumoniae lytic phage vB_KpnM-VAC13 in vitro and its safety in an in vivo murine model against two clinical isolates of this pathogen, one of them exhibiting an imipenem-persister phenotype. At the same time, we verified the absence of toxicity of mitomycin C at the concentration using the human chondrocyte cell line T/C28a2. The viability of these human cells was checked using both cytotoxicity assays and flow cytometry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Repositioning in Antimicrobial Therapy, 2nd Edition)
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9 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Iran: Candida Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns
by Zeinab Soleimani Shiyadeh, Shirin Farahyar, Laleh Vahedi Larijani, Justin Beardsley, Noura Nouri, Shahram Mahmoudi, Shahla Roudbar Mohammadi, Célia Fortuna Rodrigues and Maryam Roudbary
Antibiotics 2024, 13(7), 633; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13070633 - 8 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1172
Abstract
Candida species, typically part of the human skin and mucous membrane flora, can cause opportunistic fungal infections, notably urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are on the rise among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The lack of understanding of UTIs in this population, coupled with the [...] Read more.
Candida species, typically part of the human skin and mucous membrane flora, can cause opportunistic fungal infections, notably urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are on the rise among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The lack of understanding of UTIs in this population, coupled with the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, poses significant challenges for effective treatment and further investigations. In this study, urine samples were collected from 70 COVID-19 patients with UTIs in sterile containers for microbiology examination. After microscopic observation, the isolates were identified both by phenotypic and molecular techniques such as multiplex PCR. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) against fluconazole (Flu), itraconazole (Itr), and amphotericin B (AMB) was performed according to CLSI M27/S4 standard methods, with the frequency of isolates including Candida albicans (n = 20, 51.3%), Candida tropicalis (n = 15, 38.4%), Nakaseomyces glabrata (previously Candida glabrata) (n = 2, 5.1%), Pichia kudriavzevii (previously Candida krusei), and Candida parapsilosis (n = 1, 2.5%). All isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis were sensitive to amphotericin B, while C. kruzei was resistant to AMB. Around 70% of C. albicans isolates were sensitive to Flu; 20% of C. tropicalis were resistant to itraconazole, while 33% were resistant to fluconazole. C. albicans and C. tropicalis were the main causes of candiduria in infected cases and both Flu and AMB showed good results in AFST in these species. Performing drug susceptibility testing for clinical isolates of Candida spp. provided guidance for appropriate management and control, and timely antifungal treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Repositioning in Antimicrobial Therapy, 2nd Edition)
10 pages, 1043 KiB  
Article
Antifungal Biofilm Inhibitory Effects of Combinations of Diclofenac and Essential Oils
by Alexia Barbarossa, Antonio Rosato, Antonio Carrieri, Roberta Tardugno, Filomena Corbo, Maria Lisa Clodoveo, Giuseppe Fracchiolla and Alessia Carocci
Antibiotics 2023, 12(12), 1673; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121673 - 28 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1335
Abstract
Systemic fungal infections have risen in recent decades and most of them are caused by Candida species, which are becoming increasingly resistant to conventional antifungal drugs. Biofilm production has been considered the most common growth form of Candida cells and is associated with [...] Read more.
Systemic fungal infections have risen in recent decades and most of them are caused by Candida species, which are becoming increasingly resistant to conventional antifungal drugs. Biofilm production has been considered the most common growth form of Candida cells and is associated with a high level of antifungal resistance. At present, international research reports on the antifungal activity of non-traditional antimicrobial drugs and their potential use against life-threatening resistant fungal infections. Indeed, drug repurposing has led to the consideration of well-known compounds as a last-line therapy. The goal of this work is to evaluate the potential synergistic antifungal biofilm activity of new combinations between diclofenac sodium salt (DSS), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with the essential oils (EOs) of Mentha piperita, Pelargonium graveolens, and Melaleuca alternifolia, whose antifungal activity has been well documented over the years. The in vitro antifungal activity of DSS and EOs was determined on different Candida strains. Susceptibility testing and the synergism of DSS and EOs versus biofilm cells was performed by using the broth microdilution assay and checkerboard methods. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (sMIC50) of DSS alone ranged from 1.25 to 2.05 mg/mL for all the strains considered. These values significantly decreased when the drug was used in combination with the EOs. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was lower than 0.5 for almost all the associations, thus indicating a significant synergism, particularly for the DSS–Pelargonium graveolens combination towards the Candida strains examined. These preliminary results show that the combination of the EOs with DSS improves the antifungal activity on all the tested Candida strains, significantly lowering the concentrations of the components used and thus allowing any toxic effects to be overcome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Repositioning in Antimicrobial Therapy, 2nd Edition)
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