Mechanisms of Reproductive Dysfunction in Animals: From Cellular Insights to Environmental Insults

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Reproduction".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 1018

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Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Interests: cytotoxicity; developmental toxicity; reproductive toxicity; acute toxicity; subchronic toxicity; chronic toxicity; toxic mechanism
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reproduction is fundamental in the survival of species, yet the tightly regulated systems that safeguard fertility remain highly fallible, as evidenced by the rising incidence of reproductive dysfunction. The regulation of reproductive function is inherently complex, operating across the cellular, endocrine, and environmental levels and beyond. This multiscale complexity prevents us from attaining a comprehensive understanding of how metabolic, hormonal, and environmental cues work together to ensure reproductive success, and it remains difficult to determine which regulatory tier exerts the most critical influence in maintaining fertility, particularly under stress, environmental insults, or pathological conditions. The increasing contamination of the environment due to toxic compounds is a major cause of reproductive defects. In order to devise effective therapeutic or preventive strategies that counteract the detrimental impacts of toxic compounds, it is essential that we systematically identify their molecular targets and delineate the pathways through which they impair reproductive function. Advancing our understanding of these processes requires an integrative research framework that spans the analytical spectrum, from in vitro molecular studies and toxicological assays to in vivo experiments and epidemiological investigations. This type of multidisciplinary approach is essential in developing a comprehensive understanding of reproductive toxicology, linking cellular and molecular insights to environmental insults, and informing strategies for fertility preservation and livestock management.

Dr. Fenglei Chen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cytotoxicity
  • developmental toxicity
  • reproductive toxicity
  • acute toxicity
  • subchronic toxicity
  • chronic toxicity
  • toxic mechanism

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 14114 KB  
Article
Sodium Butyrate Promotes In Vitro Development of Mouse Preantral Follicles and Improves Oocyte Quality by Regulating Steroidogenesis, Oxidative Stress, and Cytoskeleton Remodeling
by Xiaohuan Liu, Tuba Latif Virk, Mengdie Pi, Qi Liu, Sheng Yang, Zhiyu Ma, Yuguo Yuan and Fenglei Chen
Animals 2025, 15(24), 3567; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15243567 - 11 Dec 2025
Viewed by 806
Abstract
Sodium butyrate (NaBu), a common feed additive, has been shown to enhance reproductive performance in livestock and poultry. However, whether NaBu exerts this effect by directly regulating follicular development remains unclear. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture system of mouse [...] Read more.
Sodium butyrate (NaBu), a common feed additive, has been shown to enhance reproductive performance in livestock and poultry. However, whether NaBu exerts this effect by directly regulating follicular development remains unclear. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture system of mouse preantral follicles was used to investigate the effects of NaBu on follicular growth, hormone secretion, maturation of oocytes, and subsequent embryonic development. Preantral follicles were treated with different doses of NaBu on the fourth day of culture. Subsequently, the mature oocytes (MII stage) were released from the follicles on the ninth day and subjected to parthenogenetic activation for developmental assessment. The results showed that 0.10 mM NaBu treatment could significantly promote follicular growth, antral formation, and oocyte maturation. Furthermore, NaBu also significantly increased estradiol (E2) secretion, improved follicular structure, and maintained cellular viability. qPCR analysis revealed that NaBu significantly increased the mRNA levels of STAR, CYP11A1, and CYP1B1. In addition, it significantly enhanced the distribution and organization of F-actin, with increases in the mRNA levels of GDF9, BMP15, and CX37. NaBu treatment significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels and increased the mRNA levels of NRF2 and SOD1, while SOD2 and GSR showed increasing trends without significant differences. NaBu significantly improved oocyte cytoskeletal organization and the morphology of the spindle, but it did not lead to a significant increase in the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation after parthenogenetic activation. Collectively, these findings indicate that NaBu promotes follicular development and improves oocyte quality, at least partly, by enhancing steroidogenesis, alleviating oxidative stress, and maintaining cytoskeletal integrity, providing insight into its potential application for improving reproductive performance in livestock and poultry. Full article
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