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Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Ruminants: Nutritional Mitigation Strategies and Analysis...
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Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Ruminants: Nutritional Mitigation Strategies and Analysis Approach

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal System and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 40749

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sophie J. Krizsan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
Interests: environment; feed evaluation; forages; ruminants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Resource use efficiency and economic initiatives point toward using less human-edible feed in ruminant food production. The global population is growing, and food production will need to increase to feed more people in the future. Simultaneously, strong economic development has stimulated consumers to request more high-value foods, such as meat and refined dairy products. Public opinion states that today’s food production from ruminants is negative for the environment and contributes to climate change. Efficient dietary methane mitigating strategies can decrease emissions of greenhouse gases in line with European Union targets and avoid major changes in dietary consumption patterns of meat and milk from ruminants. Changes in biodiversity and ecosystem services following changes in land use are rarely measured and accounted for in the food value chain seeking to meet consumer preferences and demands.

Dr. Sophie Julie Krizsan
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • environment
  • food production
  • greenhouse gases
  • grass
  • resource efficiency
  • ruminants

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

18 pages, 1574 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows
by Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia, Rebecca Danielsson, Mohammad Ramin and Pekka Huhtanen
Animals 2021, 11(11), 3112; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113112 - 30 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2971
Abstract
This study evaluated if ranking dairy cows as low and high CH4 emitters using the GreenFeed system (GF) can be replicated in in vitro conditions using an automated gas system and its possible implications in terms of fermentation balance. Seven pairs of [...] Read more.
This study evaluated if ranking dairy cows as low and high CH4 emitters using the GreenFeed system (GF) can be replicated in in vitro conditions using an automated gas system and its possible implications in terms of fermentation balance. Seven pairs of low and high emitters fed the same diet were selected on the basis of residual CH4 production, and rumen fluid taken from each pair incubated separately in the in vitro gas production system. In total, seven in vitro incubations were performed with inoculums taken from low and high CH4 emitting cows incubated in two substrates differing in forage-to-concentrate proportion, each without or with the addition of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) as an inhibitor of CH4 production. Except for the aimed differences in CH4 production, no statistical differences were detected among groups of low and high emitters either in in vivo animal performance or rumen fermentation profile prior to the in vitro incubations. The effect of in vivo ranking was poorly replicated in in vitro conditions after 48 h of anaerobic fermentation. Instead, the effects of diet and CNSL were more consistent. The inclusion of 50% barley in the diet (SB) increased both asymptotic gas production by 17.3% and predicted in vivo CH4 by 26.2%, when compared to 100% grass silage (S) substrate, respectively. The SB diet produced on average more propionate (+28 mmol/mol) and consequently less acetate compared to the S diet. Irrespective of CH4 emitter group, CNSL decreased predicted in vivo CH4 (26.7 vs. 11.1 mL/ g of dry matter; DM) and stoichiometric CH4 (CH4VFA; 304 vs. 235 moles/mol VFA), with these being also reflected in decreased total gas production per unit of volatile fatty acids (VFA). Microbial structure was assessed on rumen fluid sampled prior to in vitro incubation, by sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on operational taxonomic unit (OTU) did not show any differences between groups. Some differences appeared of relative abundance between groups in some specific OTUs mainly related to Prevotella. Genus Methanobrevibacter represented 93.7 ± 3.33% of the archaeal sequences. There were no clear differences between groups in relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Ruminants: Nutritional Mitigation Strategies and Analysis Approach)
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19 pages, 1409 KiB  
Article
Effect of a Low-Methane Diet on Performance and Microbiome in Lactating Dairy Cows Accounting for Individual Pre-Trial Methane Emissions
by Juana C. Chagas, Mohammad Ramin, Ruth Gomez Exposito, Hauke Smidt and Sophie J. Krizsan
Animals 2021, 11(9), 2597; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092597 - 3 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3136
Abstract
This study examined the effects of partly replacing grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS), with or without rapeseed oil (RSO) supplementation, on methane (CH4) emissions, production performance, and rumen microbiome in the diets of lactating dairy cows. The effect of [...] Read more.
This study examined the effects of partly replacing grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS), with or without rapeseed oil (RSO) supplementation, on methane (CH4) emissions, production performance, and rumen microbiome in the diets of lactating dairy cows. The effect of individual pre-trial CH4-emitting characteristics on dietary emissions mitigation was also examined. Twenty Nordic Red cows at 71 ± 37.2 (mean ± SD) days in milk were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four dietary treatments (GS, GS supplemented with RSO, GS plus MS, GS plus MS supplemented with RSO) applied in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Partial replacement of GS with MS decreased the intake of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, milk production, yield of milk components, and general nutrient digestibility. Supplementation with RSO decreased the intake of DM and nutrients, energy-corrected milk yield, composition and yield of milk fat and protein, and general digestibility of nutrients, except for crude protein. Individual cow pre-trial measurements of CH4-emitting characteristics had a significant influence on gas emissions but did not alter the magnitude of CH4 emissions. Dietary RSO decreased daily CH4, yield, and intensity. It also increased the relative abundance of rumen Methanosphaera and Succinivibrionaceae and decreased that of Bifidobacteriaceae. There were no effects of dietary MS on CH4 emissions in this study, but supplementation with 41 g RSO/kg of DM reduced daily CH4 emissions from lactating dairy cows by 22.5%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Ruminants: Nutritional Mitigation Strategies and Analysis Approach)
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15 pages, 303 KiB  
Article
Effect of Chitosan and Naringin on Enteric Methane Emissions in Crossbred Heifers Fed Tropical Grass
by Rafael Jiménez-Ocampo, María Denisse Montoya-Flores, Esperanza Herrera-Torres, Gerardo Pámanes-Carrasco, Jeyder Israel Arceo-Castillo, Sara Stephanie Valencia-Salazar, Jacobo Arango, Carlos Fernando Aguilar-Pérez, Luis Ramírez-Avilés, Francisco Javier Solorio-Sánchez, Ángel Trinidad Piñeiro-Vázquez and Juan Carlos Ku-Vera
Animals 2021, 11(6), 1599; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061599 - 28 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5179
Abstract
In order to meet consumer needs, the livestock industry is increasingly seeking natural feed additives with the ability to improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization, alternatives to antibiotics, and mitigate methane emissions in ruminants. Chitosan (CHI) is a polysaccharide with antimicrobial capability against [...] Read more.
In order to meet consumer needs, the livestock industry is increasingly seeking natural feed additives with the ability to improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization, alternatives to antibiotics, and mitigate methane emissions in ruminants. Chitosan (CHI) is a polysaccharide with antimicrobial capability against protozoa and Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, fungi, and yeasts while naringin (NA) is a flavonoid with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. First, an in vitro gas production experiment was performed adding 0, 1.5, 3.0 g/kg of CHI and NA under a completely randomized design. The substrate containing forage and concentrate in a 70:30 ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. Compounds increased the concentration of propionic acid, and a significant reduction in methane production was observed with the inclusion of CHI at 1.5 g/kg in in vitro experiments (p < 0.001). In a dry matter rumen degradability study for 96 h, there were no differences in potential and effective degradability. In the in vivo study, six crossbred heifers fitted with rumen cannulas were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design according to the following treatments: control (CTL), no additive; chitosan (CHI1, 1.5 g/kg DMI); (CHI2, 3.0 g/kg DMI); naringin (NA1, 1.5 g/kg DMI); (NA2, 3.0 g/kg DMI) and a mixture of CHI and NA (1.5 + 1.5 g/kg DMI) given directly through the rumen cannula. Additives did not affect rumen fermentation (p > 0.05), DM intake and digestibility of (p > 0.05), and enteric methane emissions (p > 0.05). CHI at a concentration of 1.5 g/kg DM in in vitro experiments had a positive effect on fermentation pattern increasing propionate and reduced methane production. In contrast, in the in vivo studies, there was not a positive effect on rumen fermentation, nor in enteric methane production in crossbred heifers fed a basal ration of tropical grass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Ruminants: Nutritional Mitigation Strategies and Analysis Approach)
19 pages, 639 KiB  
Article
Effects of Starch Level and a Mixture of Sunflower and Fish Oils on Nutrient Intake and Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Ruminal Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows
by Babak Darabighane, Ilma Tapio, Laura Ventto, Piia Kairenius, Tomasz Stefański, Heidi Leskinen, Kevin J. Shingfield, Johanna Vilkki and Ali-Reza Bayat
Animals 2021, 11(5), 1310; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051310 - 2 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4181
Abstract
Four multiparous dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to examine how starch level and oil mixture impact dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility, milk yield and composition, rumen fermentation, ruminal methane (CH4) emissions, and microbial diversity. [...] Read more.
Four multiparous dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to examine how starch level and oil mixture impact dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility, milk yield and composition, rumen fermentation, ruminal methane (CH4) emissions, and microbial diversity. Experimental treatments comprised high (HS) or low (LS) levels of starch containing 0 or 30 g of a mixture of sunflower and fish oils (2:1 w/w) per kg diet DM (LSO and HSO, respectively). Intake of DM did not differ between cows fed LS and HS diets while oil supplementation reduced DM intake. Dietary treatments did not affect milk and energy corrected milk yields. There was a tendency to have a lower milk fat concentration due to HSO compared with other treatments. Both high starch level and oil supplementation increased digestibility of gross energy. Cows receiving HS diets had higher levels of total rumen VFA while acetate was lower than LS without any differences in rumen pH, or ruminal CH4 emissions. Although dietary oil supplementation had no impact on rumen fermentation, decreased CH4 emissions (g/day and g/kg milk) were observed with a concomitant increase in Anoplodinium-Diplodinium sp. and Epidinium sp. but a decrease in Christensenellaceae, Ruminococcus sp., Methanobrevibacter ruminantium and Mbb. gottschalkii clades. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Ruminants: Nutritional Mitigation Strategies and Analysis Approach)
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21 pages, 842 KiB  
Article
Improve Pasture or Feed Grain? Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Profitability, and Resource Use for Nelore Beef Cattle in Brazil’s Cerrado and Amazon Biomes
by Luana Molossi, Aaron Kinyu Hoshide, Lorena Machado Pedrosa, André Soares de Oliveira and Daniel Carneiro de Abreu
Animals 2020, 10(8), 1386; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10081386 - 10 Aug 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4196
Abstract
Economic development, international food and feed demand, and government policies have converted Brazil’s natural ecosystems into agricultural land. The Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM) was evaluated using production, economic, and weather data collected on two cooperating farms in the Legal Amazon and Cerrado [...] Read more.
Economic development, international food and feed demand, and government policies have converted Brazil’s natural ecosystems into agricultural land. The Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM) was evaluated using production, economic, and weather data collected on two cooperating farms in the Legal Amazon and Cerrado biomes in the Midwest state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Three sustainable agricultural intensification strategies, namely grain supplementation, pasture re-seeding, and pasture fertilization were simulated in IFSM with double the beef cattle stocking density compared to extensive grazing. Livestock dry matter consumption simulated in IFSM was similar for pasture grazing estimates and actual feed consumed by beef cattle on the two collaborating farms. Grain supplementation best balanced beef production and profitability with lower carbon footprint compared to extensive grazing, followed by pasture fertilization and pasture re-seeding. However, pasture re-seeding and fertilization had greater use of water and energy and more nitrogen losses. Human edible livestock feed use was greatest for grain supplementation compared to other modeled systems. While grain supplementation appears more favorable economically and environmentally, greater use of human edible livestock feed may compete with future human food needs. Pasture intensification had greater human edible feed conversion efficiency, but its greater natural resource use may be challenging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Ruminants: Nutritional Mitigation Strategies and Analysis Approach)
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Review

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28 pages, 891 KiB  
Review
Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane: Challenges and Opportunities
by D. Wade Abbott, Inga Marie Aasen, Karen A. Beauchemin, Fredrik Grondahl, Robert Gruninger, Maria Hayes, Sharon Huws, David A. Kenny, Sophie J. Krizsan, Stuart F. Kirwan, Vibeke Lind, Ulrich Meyer, Mohammad Ramin, Katerina Theodoridou, Dirk von Soosten, Pamela J. Walsh, Sinéad Waters and Xiaohui Xing
Animals 2020, 10(12), 2432; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122432 - 18 Dec 2020
Cited by 90 | Viewed by 19165
Abstract
Seaweeds contain a myriad of nutrients and bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids as well as small molecules including peptides, saponins, alkaloids and pigments. The bioactive bromoform found in the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis has been identified as an [...] Read more.
Seaweeds contain a myriad of nutrients and bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids as well as small molecules including peptides, saponins, alkaloids and pigments. The bioactive bromoform found in the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis has been identified as an agent that can reduce enteric CH4 production from livestock significantly. However, sustainable supply of this seaweed is a problem and there are some concerns over its sustainable production and potential negative environmental impacts on the ozone layer and the health impacts of bromoform. This review collates information on seaweeds and seaweed bioactives and the documented impact on CH4 emissions in vitro and in vivo as well as associated environmental, economic and health impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Ruminants: Nutritional Mitigation Strategies and Analysis Approach)
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