Pig Castration: Strategies, Animal Welfare and Pork Quality

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Pigs".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 May 2026 | Viewed by 753

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Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
Interests: food quality and food safety; sanitary inspection; meat quality
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Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Interests: carcass composition; meat quality; image and spectroscopic methods for carcass evaluation
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Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Sciences and Technology and MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
Interests: breeding management; genetic improvement; native farm breeds
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In 2020, around 81 million piglets were surgically castrated in the EU, about 31.5% of all pigs slaughtered that year. This is usually done without anesthesia up to 7 days old, raising ethical concerns about pain and animal welfare. The main reason is to prevent boar taint, an unpleasant odor affecting consumer preference, and to reduce aggressive behavior in non-castrated males.

Several options have been studied, but three main alternatives are being considered: 1. Surgical castration with anesthesia, which reduces suffering but adds cost and complexity; 2. Raising non-castrated males, avoiding castration but requiring boar taint detection at slaughterhouses; 3. Immunocastration, a vaccine against boar taint, has concerns about effectiveness and consumer acceptance.

The welfare of production animals is a strong concern for consumers and a major issue in pig industrial production systems. Even though enrichment materials can be given to pigs even in enclosed spaces to encourage natural behaviors and improve animal welfare without altering the housing structure, alternative methods offering pigs environments where they can express their natural behaviors are becoming more popular.

Further research is necessary to balance animal welfare and meat quality, avoiding compromises to animal welfare and the economic losses associated with meat that has undesirable organoleptic characteristics for consumers.

Dr. Alexandra Esteves
Dr. Severiano R. Silva
Prof. Dr. Rita Payan-Carreira
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • pig castration
  • castration strategies
  • pork quality
  • swine management
  • livestock welfare
  • swine industry

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 522 KB  
Article
Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Surgically Castrated and Immunocastrated Pigs at Two Slaughter Weights
by Dmytro V. Zhdanov, Oleksandr H. Mykhalko, Mykola H. Povod and Galia Zamaratskaia
Animals 2025, 15(19), 2846; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15192846 - 29 Sep 2025
Abstract
Surgical castration of male piglets is a common practice to prevent boar taint and reduce aggressive behaviour. However, it raises welfare concerns and alters carcass fat deposition. Immunocastration, a vaccine-based alternative targeting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), mitigates these welfare issues. This study evaluated carcass [...] Read more.
Surgical castration of male piglets is a common practice to prevent boar taint and reduce aggressive behaviour. However, it raises welfare concerns and alters carcass fat deposition. Immunocastration, a vaccine-based alternative targeting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), mitigates these welfare issues. This study evaluated carcass traits and meat quality in surgically and immunocastrated pigs slaughtered at two weight classes (approximately 116 kg and 136 kg). We compared growth performance, carcass composition, fat quality, and key meat quality indicators among surgically castrated males, immunocastrated males, and immunocastrated females. Inclusion of uncastrated and immunocastrated females provides novel comparative data for mixed-sex production systems, where such information is scarce. This broader evaluation helps fill current gaps in knowledge about immunocastration effects in female pigs. Surgically castrated males showed higher backfat thickness and fat content, particularly at the heavier weight, while immunocastrated pigs exhibited intermediate traits. Ultimate pH, colour, marbling, water-holding capacity, and moisture loss varied with castration method, sex, and slaughter weight, though many differences were subtle. The findings confirm that immunocastration offers a favourable balance between animal welfare and production traits, producing pork quality comparable to surgical castration. These results provide valuable insights for optimizing pork production systems, balancing welfare, efficiency, and meat quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pig Castration: Strategies, Animal Welfare and Pork Quality)
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