Emerging Trends in Viral Pathogens of Swine: Insights from Surveillance, Persistence, and Control Strategies

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Pigs".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2025) | Viewed by 1600

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Science Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
Interests: viral diseases; virome; immunology; animal health

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Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
Interests: immunology; Alzheimer's disease; neurotoxicology and nanomedicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The swine industry consistently encounters challenges from viral pathogens, which can greatly affect animal health and productivity. Moreover, emerging and re-emerging swine diseases pose a continuous threat to human health. A deeper understanding of viral factors, their interactions with host cells, and the host immune response is essential for uncovering disease mechanisms, including how viruses adapt to new host species. 
Additionally, robust disease surveillance, along with the development of efficient vaccines and antiviral therapies play a crucial role in early detection and prevention. This topic invites original research that advances knowledge in swine viral diseases, molecular virology, viral evolution, innovative molecular and immunological diagnostic tools, and novel platforms for vaccine development to control swine viral infections and prevent their spillover to other animals, including humans.

Dr. Mrigendra Rajput
Dr. Neeraj Singh
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • swine virus
  • molecular virology
  • host-virus interaction
  • swine immunology
  • diseases diagnosis
  • viral vaccine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 2047 KiB  
Article
A Quadruplex RT-qPCR for the Detection of African Swine Fever Virus, Classical Swine Fever Virus, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, and Porcine Pseudorabies Virus
by Zhuo Feng, Kaichuang Shi, Yanwen Yin, Yuwen Shi, Shuping Feng, Feng Long, Zuzhang Wei and Hongbin Si
Animals 2024, 14(23), 3551; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14233551 - 9 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1250
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) induce similar clinical signs in infected pigs, including hyperthermia, anorexia, hemorrhage, respiratory distress, neurological symptoms, and/or abortions in pregnant sows. The [...] Read more.
African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) induce similar clinical signs in infected pigs, including hyperthermia, anorexia, hemorrhage, respiratory distress, neurological symptoms, and/or abortions in pregnant sows. The differential diagnosis of these diseases relies on laboratory examinations. In this study, a quadruplex RT-qPCR was established using four pairs of specific primers and probes aimed at the B646L (p72) gene of ASFV, the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) of CSFV, the ORF6 gene of PRRSV, and the gB gene of PRV for the detection and differentiation of ASFV, CSFV, PRRSV, and PRV. The assay exhibited great sensitivity with limits of detection (LODs) of 134.585, 139.831, 147.076, and 142.331 copies/reaction for ASFV, CSFV, PRRSV, and PRV, respectively. The assay exclusively identified ASFV, CSFV, PRRSV, and PRV, yielding negative results for the other control swine viruses used in this study. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were not higher than 1.12%, indicating good reproducibility of the assay. The quadruplex RT-qPCR assay was used to analyze 3116 clinical tissue samples from pigs in Guangxi province, China, from April 2023 to September 2024. ASFV, CSFV, PRRSV, and PRV had positivity rates of 10.84% (338/3116), 0.80% (25/3116), 14.92% (465/3116), and 1.38% (43/3116), respectively, demonstrating a coincidence rate of ≥99.45% with the previously described RT-qPCR assays, which were also used to test these same samples. The established assay was rapid, sensitive, and accurate in detecting and differentiating ASFV, CSFV, PRRSV, and PRV. Full article
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