Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Veterinary Drug Residues

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 2891

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Interests: toxicokinetics; pharmacokinetics; risk assessment; mycotoxicology; toxicity test

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Interests: pharmacokinetics; drug residues; analytical toxicology; food safety

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Interests: metabolisms; heavy metal; environmental toxicology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Veterinary drugs are chemicals used to control diseases in animals. The major classes of veterinary drugs include antibiotics, anthelmintics, coccidiostats, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sedatives, corticosteroids, beta-agonists, and anabolic hormones. If good veterinary practices are followed, these drugs are very fruitful and make it possible to obtain excellent and abundant food production. In order to protect consumers’ health, foodstuffs of animal origin must not contain drug residues that might affect health. Principles such as risk analysis, traceability, and an integrated food chain from farm to table have been introduced, with hormone and veterinary drug residues in food, in particular in edible tissues. The safety of residues is evaluated by setting a no observed adverse effect level and using uncertainty factors to determine an acceptable daily intake on which subsequently maximum residue limits are established.

Pharmacokinetics is the study of how an organism affects the drug as a drug’s journey through the body, whereas pharmacodynamics is the study of how the drug affects the organism. Different factors related to the drug, such as formulation, site and route of administration, dose, combinations, and time after administration, or animal species, including breed, animal age, sex, and body condition, can have profound effects on the pharmacokinetics and drug residue levels in meat and edible tissues. Pharmacokinetic studies of antibiotic usage in animal species are being published on an increasingly frequent basis. Therefore, more information and data are becoming available, which include dosing regimens, route of administration, treatment duration, and the therapeutic effectiveness of the patients. However, to confirm therapeutic effectiveness, antibiotic therapy and select appropriate agents should be considered.

The aim of this Special Issue is to publish original research articles or reviews about the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug residues of veterinary drugs in animals.

Dr. Amnart Poapolathep
Dr. Saranya Poapolathep
Dr. Kraisiri Khidkhan
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • pharmacokinetics
  • pharmacodynamics
  • toxicokinetics
  • veterinary drugs
  • drug residues
  • contaminants
  • analytical toxicology
  • animals
  • animal products
  • food safety
  • risk assessment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 479 KB  
Article
Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Florfenicol in Freshwater Crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) After Intramuscular Administration
by Pandaree Sitthiangkool, Amnart Poapolathep, Narumol Klangkaew, Napasorn Phaochoosak, Tara Wongwaipairoj, Pedro Marín, Mario Giorgi, Beata Lebkowska-Wieruszewska, Marcos Pérez-López and Saranya Poapolathep
Animals 2026, 16(4), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16040631 - 16 Feb 2026
Viewed by 534
Abstract
Florfenicol (FFC) is widely used to treat bacterial infections in veterinary medicine; however, its pharmacokinetic characteristics in reptiles remain limited. This study investigated the pharmacokinetic profiles of FFC after intramuscular (IM) injection at doses of 20 or 30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in [...] Read more.
Florfenicol (FFC) is widely used to treat bacterial infections in veterinary medicine; however, its pharmacokinetic characteristics in reptiles remain limited. This study investigated the pharmacokinetic profiles of FFC after intramuscular (IM) injection at doses of 20 or 30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis). A sample of 10 healthy crocodiles was randomly divided into two groups (n = 5 for each group) according to a parallel study design. Blood samples were obtained from pre-dose to 168 h post-administration. Plasma FFC concentrations were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and analyzed by non-compartmental analysis. The mean maximum plasma concentrations of FFC were 4.05 µg/mL and 6.11 µg/mL for the 20 and 30 mg/kg b.w. doses, respectively. The mean elimination half-lives of FFC were long but not significantly different (51 h). The average plasma protein binding was 37.15%. Based on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) index, a single dose of FFC via IM elicited plasma concentrations above the MIC90 values reported for several susceptible bacterial pathogens. Consequently, both dose levels provided plasma exposure consistent with previously reported reference MIC values. However, further PK/PD and multiple-dose investigations are needed to refine species-specific dosage regimens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Veterinary Drug Residues)
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14 pages, 1469 KB  
Article
Pharmacokinetics of Matrine in Pigs After Gavage Administration of Matrine Alone and in Combination with Amoxicillin
by Ruonan Li, Danna Zhou, Huiyu Hu, Fuhao Wang, Xiaoling Lv, Lei Sun, Xueyan Sun, Daojin Yu and Bo Yang
Animals 2025, 15(17), 2502; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15172502 - 25 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Bacterial intestinal infections, such as porcine colibacillosis, have caused large economic losses to the global pig industry every year [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Veterinary Drug Residues)
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