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Animals
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Infectious Diseases on Livestock Reproduction
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Infectious Diseases on Livestock Reproduction

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Reproduction".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2025) | Viewed by 7390

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Walter Lilenbaum

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Alameda Barros Terra, 57, Niteroi 24210-130, RJ, Brazil
Interests: leptospirosis in animals; infectious diseases; livestock reproduction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infectious diseases can significantly impact animal reproduction, leading to various degrees of morbidity and mortality. These diseases can be influenced by the animal’s reproductive history, previous pharmacological treatments, and environmental conditions, leading to regional variations in the incidence of certain reproductive abnormalities. Among the others, three main infectious diseases that compromise reproduction in beef and dairy cattle in many regions are infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea, and leptospirosis.

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea are viral diseases, while leptospirosis is a bacterial disease. These diseases can range from asymptomatic conditions that only affect the animal’s fertility to acute clinical manifestations that can lead to death. Therefore, understanding and managing infectious diseases in bovine reproduction is crucial for maintaining the animals’ health and productivity.

In this context, Animals will publish a Special Issue, “Infectious Diseases on Livestock Reproduction”, in which researchers from various countries have the opportunity to present their findings on several important diseases in bovine and other animal species. In particular, papers regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, impacts on reproduction, pathology, and clinics will be welcome. We strongly encourage you to submit your manuscripts to help create a remarkable Special Issue that will represent a landmark in the study of these diseases.

Prof. Dr. Walter Lilenbaum
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • reproduction
  • abortion
  • infection
  • infertility

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

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17 pages, 682 KiB  
Review
An Overview of Infectious and Non-Infectious Causes of Pregnancy Losses in Equine
by Liangliang Li, Shuwen Li, Haoran Ma, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar, Ying Tan, Tongtong Wang, Wenhua Liu, Adnan Khan, Muhammad Zahoor Khan and Changfa Wang
Animals 2024, 14(13), 1961; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14131961 - 2 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2249
Abstract
Equine breeding plays an essential role in the local economic development of many countries, and it has experienced rapid growth in China in recent years. However, the equine industry, particularly large-scale donkey farms, faces a significant challenge with pregnancy losses. Unfortunately, there is [...] Read more.
Equine breeding plays an essential role in the local economic development of many countries, and it has experienced rapid growth in China in recent years. However, the equine industry, particularly large-scale donkey farms, faces a significant challenge with pregnancy losses. Unfortunately, there is a lack of systematic research on abortion during equine breeding. Several causes, both infectious and non-infectious, of pregnancy losses have been documented in equines. The infectious causes are viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Non-infectious causes may include long transportation, ingestion of mycotoxins, hormonal disturbances, twinning, placentitis, umbilical length and torsion, etc. In current review, we discuss the transmission routes, diagnostic methods, and control measures for these infectious agents. Early detection of the cause and appropriate management are crucial in preventing pregnancy loss in equine practice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential causes of abortion in equines, including infectious agents and non-infectious factors. It emphasizes the importance of continued research and effective control measures to address this significant challenge in the equine industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infectious Diseases on Livestock Reproduction)
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12 pages, 794 KiB  
Review
Bovine Genital Leptospirosis: An Update of This Important Reproductive Disease
by Luiza Aymée, Julia Mendes and Walter Lilenbaum
Animals 2024, 14(2), 322; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14020322 - 20 Jan 2024
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4186
Abstract
Bovine leptospirosis is an important disease that affects the reproductive sphere. Due to its high relevance for the bovine production chain in a worldwide scenario, a better understanding of the disease is crucial to reduce its negative impacts. The main agents are strains [...] Read more.
Bovine leptospirosis is an important disease that affects the reproductive sphere. Due to its high relevance for the bovine production chain in a worldwide scenario, a better understanding of the disease is crucial to reduce its negative impacts. The main agents are strains from the Sejroe serogroup, such as Hardjo and Guaricura, which lead to renal and genital infection. The genital colonization causes a chronic, silent, and subclinical reproductive syndrome, called Bovine Genital Leptospirosis (BGL). Embryonic death, estrus repetition, subfertility, and abortions are the main signs of BGL condition in females. However, although leptospires have been identified in semen, the manifestation of BGL in bulls remains to be clarified. The recommended diagnosis of BGL includes a serologic screening of the herds using the microscopic agglutination test followed by PCR of genital samples (cervicovaginal mucus, uterine fragment, or semen), especially from animals with reproductive failures. After the identification of carriers, control is carried out considering three steps: antimicrobial treatment of the carriers, environmental and reproductive management, and herd vaccination. Systematic testing, quarantine of newly arrived animals, and usage of antimicrobials in semen diluents or embryo culture media are other sanitary approaches that are encouraged to improve the control of the syndrome. Herein we discuss protocols for an efficient diagnosis and preventive procedures of BGL, which are fundamental to reducing the negative impact of the disease on cattle reproduction and its consequent economic hazards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infectious Diseases on Livestock Reproduction)
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Other

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17 pages, 955 KiB  
Systematic Review
Reproductive Failure in Smallholder Pig Farms in East and Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review
by Belete Haile, Esa Karalliu, Jeremy Ho, Karyn A. Havas, Renata Ivanek, Joyce Ip, Chen Xin and Omid Nekouei
Animals 2025, 15(9), 1226; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15091226 - 26 Apr 2025
Viewed by 195
Abstract
Reproductive failure has significant socioeconomic impacts on smallholder pig farms. This systematic review was conducted to compile the types of reproductive failures and their underlying causes reported in smallholder pig farms from East and Southeast Asia and to identify relevant knowledge gaps. Following [...] Read more.
Reproductive failure has significant socioeconomic impacts on smallholder pig farms. This systematic review was conducted to compile the types of reproductive failures and their underlying causes reported in smallholder pig farms from East and Southeast Asia and to identify relevant knowledge gaps. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 26 peer-reviewed studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in our synthesis. These studies were conducted in 11 countries, with Vietnam, China, and Thailand representing the highest share (53.8%). Only six studies (23%) investigated reproductive failure as their primary objective. Stillbirth, mummification, late-term abortion, and weak-born piglets were the predominant reproductive failures reported from smallholder pig farms across the region. The most frequently cited viral pathogens associated with these failures were porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). Common non-infectious risk factors included extreme climate conditions (e.g., heat stress), poor diet and housing, and suboptimal boar management. Our synthesis highlighted a dearth of research focused on reproductive failure in smallholder pig farms in the region and emphasised the need for more targeted studies to clarify the biological, environmental, and managerial risk factors contributing to reproductive failure. This will facilitate the development of targeted prevention and control measures that account for the unique farming conditions and challenges smallholder farms face in East and Southeast Asia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infectious Diseases on Livestock Reproduction)
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