Bivalves as Bioindicators of Environmental Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecology and Conservation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 August 2025 | Viewed by 635

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Interests: analytical methods; mycotoxins; animal; shellfish; fish; veterinary drugs; environmental toxicology

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Guest Editor
Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: animal; shellfish; fish; veterinary drugs; environmental toxicology; climate change
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Interests: animal; shellfish; fish; veterinary drugs; environmental toxicology; culture cells

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aquatic ecosystems are among the most sensitive and vital components of the Earth's biosphere, serving as habitats for diverse organisms and providing essential ecosystem services. However, these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, including industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and urbanization, which contribute significantly to environmental pollution. The contamination of aquatic environments with metals, organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, PFAS, and micro and nano-plastics has emerged as a critical global issue, necessitating effective strategies for monitoring and managing water quality. Bivalves have gained recognition as valuable bioindicators for assessing environmental pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Their sedentary nature, filter-feeding behavior, and ability to bioaccumulate contaminants from surrounding water and sediments make them ideal organisms for environmental monitoring. In this Special Issue, we aim at exploring the role of bivalves as bioindicators of environmental pollution, emphasizing their capacity to detect and accumulate contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. We invite researchers to contribute to the broader understanding of how pollutants interact with biological systems, providing critical data for risk assessment and ecological modeling. Contributions are especially encouraged on the following topics:

  • Mechanisms of bioaccumulation;
  • Spatial and temporal monitoring;
  • Pollution impact assessment;
  • Emerging contaminants;
  • Ecological and toxicological modeling;
  • Comparative studies;
  • Policy and management applications.

Dr. Valentina Meucci
Dr. Rosa Freitas
Dr. Lucia De Marchi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • aquatic ecosystems
  • environmental pollution
  • bivalves
  • bioindicators
  • anthropogenic contaminants
  • organic pollutants
  • inorganic pollutants
  • metabolomic approach
  • biological responses
  • water quality monitoring
  • bioaccumulation
  • risk assessment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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22 pages, 2161 KiB  
Article
Environmental Risks and Toxicity of Fipronil and Imidacloprid Used in Pets Ectoparasiticides
by Lucia De Marchi, Matteo Oliva, Maria Nobile, Mario Carere, Luca Maria Chiesa, Donatella Degl’Innocenti, Ines Lacchetti, Laura Mancini, Valentina Meucci, Carlo Pretti, Marzia Vasarri, Roberto Edoardo Villa and Luigi Intorre
Animals 2025, 15(11), 1533; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15111533 - 23 May 2025
Viewed by 138
Abstract
Fipronil (FIP) and imidacloprid (IMID) are two of the most commonly used ectoparasiticides to control parasites in pets. Compared with those of farm animals, their environmental risks have generally been considered low because of their limited use; however, the growing pet population and [...] Read more.
Fipronil (FIP) and imidacloprid (IMID) are two of the most commonly used ectoparasiticides to control parasites in pets. Compared with those of farm animals, their environmental risks have generally been considered low because of their limited use; however, the growing pet population and evolving treatment practices make this assumption challenging. To assess these risks, water samples were collected at an animal shelter in Italy to monitor the abundance of ectoparasiticides in aquatic environments. Additionally, laboratory-based ecotoxicological assays were carried out on a range of marine non-target species across different trophic levels (algae, copepods, and mussels). In vitro toxicity tests on human epithelial cell cultures were also implemented to examine potential cytotoxic effects at the levels of human exposure detectable in a domestic setting after pet treatment. Wastewater samples from the shelter contained 0.18 µg L−1 of IMID, 0.50 µg L−1 of FIP, and 0.20 µg L−1 of FIP-sulfone, with these concentrations remaining stable for 60 days. Chronic exposure to FIP and IMID at 30.0 µg L−1 impaired the mobility of the copepods. The EC10 and EC20 values were determined to be 1.7 (0.06–6.59) µg L−1 and 2.8 (0.436–8.51) µg L−1 for FIP and 2.6 (0.80–6.33) µg L−1 and 7.6 (3.12–15.8) µg L−1 for IMID, respectively. FIP and IMID exposure led to lipid peroxidation in the digestive glands and gills of mussels, whereas only IMID exposure increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the digestive glands at concentrations between 0.5 and 5.0 µg L−1. Additionally, both fipronil and imidacloprid triggered the production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and decreased the viability of human keratinocyte cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings highlight the persistence and potential risks of FIP and IMID, stressing the need for stricter regulations and further research on chronic environmental exposure to safeguard ecosystems and public health. Full article
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