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Lactococcosis: A Single Disease for Multiple Lactococcus Species

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2025) | Viewed by 4255

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Italy
Interests: genetics and genomics; genetic resistance to animal diseases; fish diseases; antibiotic resistance; molecular characterization of bacteria; invasive alien species
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Italy
Interests: aquaculture; fish biology; aquatic organisms pathology; antibiotic resistance; conservation of biodiversity in aquatic environments; alien invasive species
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
PHARMAQ Analytiq UK Ltd., Inverness, UK
Interests: emerging infectious diseases; molecular diagnostics; vaccinology; immuno-proteomics; aquaculture; eDNA; microbial genomics in aquatic species; fish and shellfish diseases and aquatic pathology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lactococcosis is an emergent bacterial infection affecting a wide range of host species. It represents one of the main issues facing freshwater and marine fish. Moreover, this disease can affect several terrestrial animals, including humans. Due to its broad host range and potential impact on both animal populations and human health, lactococcosis is of notable concern from a One Health perspective. Only recently was Lactococcus garvieae reported as not being the only agent for this disease. L. petauri and L. formosensis have now also been described, as causal agents of lactococcosis.

These discoveries highlight this disease’s complexity and underscore the need for comprehensive research to understand its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control.

We invite original contributions that focus on the following topics:

  • Diagnostic methods for identifying lactococcosis pathogens.
  • Biochemical and molecular characterisation of lactococcosis pathogens.
  • Virulence factors of lactococcosis pathogens.
  • Antimicrobial resistance in lactococcosis pathogens.
  • Host vaccinology in lactococcosis-affected organisms.
  • Immunology studies of infected hosts.
  • Genetic and genomic resistance in hosts.
  • Development of new treatments and therapies for lactococcosis.
  • Epidemiology of lactococcosis.
  • Animal models for studying lactococcosis.
  • Strategies for the prevention and control of lactococcosis.
  • Economic and health impacts of lactococcosis.
  • Technological innovations in the diagnosis and treatment of lactococcosis.
  • Clinical case studies related to lactococcosis.
  • Analysis of host-pathogen interactions in lactococcosis.

This Special Issue aims to deepen our understanding of lactococcosis and to inform the development of effective management and control strategies.

Dr. Silvia Colussi
Dr. Giuseppe Esposito
Dr. Khalid Shahin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • lactococcosis
  • fish diseases
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • host–pathogen interactions
  • epidemiology
  • diagnostic methods

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 491 KB  
Article
Comparative Molecular and Antimicrobial Analysis of Lactococcus garvieae and Lactococcus petauri from Marine and Freshwater Fish Farms in the Mediterranean
by Daniel González-Martín, María Ubieto, Silvia del Caso, Elena Planas, Imanol Ruiz-Zarzuela, Celia Sanz and José Luis Arnal
Animals 2026, 16(2), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16020277 - 16 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 924
Abstract
Piscine lactococcosis is an emerging bacterial disease that threatens freshwater and marine aquaculture in the Mediterranean region. This study characterized isolates of Lactococcus garvieae and Lactococcus petauri from farmed fish through molecular identification, genomic typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 39 [...] Read more.
Piscine lactococcosis is an emerging bacterial disease that threatens freshwater and marine aquaculture in the Mediterranean region. This study characterized isolates of Lactococcus garvieae and Lactococcus petauri from farmed fish through molecular identification, genomic typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 39 bacterial strains were analyzed using species-specific real-time PCR assays, multilocus sequence typing and broth microdilution to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations. Results suggest a temporal shift in freshwater systems, where L. garvieae predominated in earlier isolates (mainly ST13, CC4), while L. petauri (ST14, CC14) appears as the dominant species in recent years. In marine fish, only L. garvieae was detected, mainly ST95 (CC95), a lineage previously reported in Europe. Molecular variability was found in both species with lineages capable of infecting livestock and humans. Amoxicillin displayed promising results; florfenicol showed moderate activity, while flumequine exhibited no inhibitory effect. Oxytetracycline and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole showed variable results requiring prudent use. These region-specific susceptibility profiles provide updated baseline data to guide empirical antimicrobial therapy while awaiting laboratory confirmation, highlighting the evolution of lactococcosis in aquaculture and emphasizing the need for molecular surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and vaccine updates within a One Health framework to mitigate impacts on Mediterranean aquaculture and public health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lactococcosis: A Single Disease for Multiple Lactococcus Species)
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15 pages, 2706 KB  
Article
First Detection of Lactococcus petauri in Domestic Dogs in Italy
by Simona Sciuto, Giuseppe Esposito, Paolo Pastorino, Khalid Shahin, Katia Varello, Eliana Trabunella, Giulia Milanese, Sonia Scala, Marino Prearo, Pier Luigi Acutis, Angelo Salerno, Simona Zoppi and Silvia Colussi
Animals 2024, 14(22), 3279; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14223279 - 14 Nov 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2128
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae has been considered for a long time the only causal agent of lactococcosis. In recent years, different papers reported the involvement of other two bacterial species: Lactococcus petauri and Lactococcus formosensis. A different host tropism has been described for these [...] Read more.
Lactococcus garvieae has been considered for a long time the only causal agent of lactococcosis. In recent years, different papers reported the involvement of other two bacterial species: Lactococcus petauri and Lactococcus formosensis. A different host tropism has been described for these species where L. garvieae and L. petauri are predominant species in fish and humans’ infections, while L. formosensis in bovine. L. garvieae has been reported as rare infectious agent in dog. This paper represents the first isolation of L. petauri in two domesticated dog cases from urine and skin samples, respectively. The recovered L. petauri has been identified using PCR and sequencing based on Internal Transcribe Spacer (ITS) and phylogenetic analysis showed that it belongs to the L. petauri cluster with a 100% of identity with sequences previously reported from fish isolates while there were differences with L. petauri isolated from urinary tract infection from humans. L. petauri in human infection has been considered not necessarily deriving from the ingestion of contaminated food but rather as an opportunistic pathogen colonization intestinal tract. Differences among virulotypes have been reported for humans and dogs, and a comparison was also made between the virulotyping of L. petauri and L. garvieae in dogs. The antimicrobial pattern showed susceptibility for the election treatment molecules. These data contribute to our understanding of the host trophism of this species which was misclassified for long time and provide new data on its virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lactococcosis: A Single Disease for Multiple Lactococcus Species)
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