Climate Change and Plant Phenology: Challenges for Fruit Production

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2026 | Viewed by 4800

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, S.P. 6, Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: viticulture; fruit quality; abiotic stress management; tree crops; cultivar selection; production techniques
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Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
Interests: tree crops; grapevine; dormancy; budbreak; gene expression; molecular regulation

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Guest Editor
Department of Psychology and Health Sciences, Pegaso University, 80132 Napoli, Italy
Interests: agricultural and food econonomics; agricultural innovation and technology; rural development; resilience; agrifood supply chain management; multi-criteria decision making
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
Interests: grapevine; fruit crop dormancy; abiotic stress tolerance; spring frosts; plant physiology; molecular biology

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Guest Editor
Department of Natural Sciences, Higher Normal School of Kouba, Algiers 16308, Algeria
Interests: plant protection; climate change; ecobiology; biocontrol; pollinators health

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Guest Editor
National Research & Development, Institute for Biotechnologies in Horticulture, Stefanesti-Arges, Romania
Interests: viticulture; cultivar selection; abiotic stress management; multiplication; plant breeding; ampelography; production techniques

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is well known that climate change significantly impacts plant phenology. During summertime, the vegetation period can shift, affecting the reproductive cycle (i.e., flowering, veraison, ripening) and inducing changes in the quality of the fruits. Alongside the consequences of the exacerbation of summer stress, winter warming can cause significant damage to bud dormancy, compromising tree crop production. Bud break and, in some cases, flowering during autumn and wintertime have become common in mild winters, and the expected impact on the local economy could be catastrophic.

Thus, new strategies are urgently needed for tree crop management (e.g., pruning systems and/or timing), including considering new fruit trees for cultivation (different species and/or different cultivars) or new regions for tree crop production. Of course, we also need to quantify the socio-economic impact of phenological disfunction on the production sector, setting up strategies to preserve the sustainability of the agricultural sector.

This Special Issue focuses on the effect of climate change on tree crop systems and will include interdisciplinary studies merging agriculture with economy, molecular biology, ecophysiology, and climatology. We encourage research articles studying different economically important tree crops as well as minor/new species from different points of view. All types of articles, such as original research, opinions, and reviews, are welcome.

Dr. Laura Rustioni
Dr. Rachele Falchi
Dr. Giulio Paolo Agnusdei
Dr. Valeria De Rosa
Dr. Mounir Kherroubi
Dr. Daniel Grigorie Dinu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • tree crops
  • phenology
  • temperatures
  • sustainability
  • local economy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2972 KB  
Article
Diversity of Phenological Characteristics and Fruit Quality of the Chinese Honeyberry (Lonicera caerulea L.) Collection
by Hao Yang, Xiaohui Zhang, Caihong Yu, Ziqing Wang, Ruijuan Hao, Chunfang Wang, Bingcui Zhang, Jiayi Shi, Jiacheng Li, Dong Qin, Huixin Gang, Junwei Huo, Chenqiao Zhu and Min Yu
Agriculture 2026, 16(3), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16030291 - 23 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1084
Abstract
Honeyberry (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a recently domesticated fruit crop, and there has been rather limited research on its phenological characteristics. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the phenological and fruit quality traits of a honeyberry germplasm collection comprising 45 accessions. The [...] Read more.
Honeyberry (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a recently domesticated fruit crop, and there has been rather limited research on its phenological characteristics. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the phenological and fruit quality traits of a honeyberry germplasm collection comprising 45 accessions. The annual growth period of the 45 accessions ranged from 153 (part of Russian accessions) to 173 days (part of Japanese accessions) in Harbin, China. The accessions of Japanese origin (‘Ri–5’, ‘Ri–68’, ‘RiM–3’, ‘Riwan’, ‘Riwandianlan’, and ‘Riwan–13’) consistently exhibited delayed flowering and ripening, as well as higher single fruit weights and fruit firmness. In contrast, the accessions of Russian and Chinese origins displayed relatively early to mid-season phenology, along with higher levels of vitamin C, anthocyanins, and soluble solids. Furthermore, there were great coefficients of variation (CVs) in total anthocyanins (CV = 35%), flavonoids (CV = 30%), phenolics (CV = 21%), and titratable acidity (CV = 19%) among the 45 accessions. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed distinct clustering patterns among Japanese accessions. Among these accessions, ‘RiM–3’ exhibited both a relatively large fruit size and high firmness, implying its potential to overcome the inevitable trade-off between fruit size and firmness typically observed in Chinese and Russian honeyberry accessions. Our investigation and findings provide valuable information for honeyberry breeding aimed at optimizing the maturity period and enhancing fruit quality, as well as a reference for the current cultivation and management methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change and Plant Phenology: Challenges for Fruit Production)
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19 pages, 1118 KB  
Article
Grapevine Phenology, Vegetative and Reproductive Characteristics of Vitis vinifera L. cv Chardonnay in the Cape South Coast Region in South Africa
by Erna Hailey Blancquaert, Emile Tomas Majewski, Sam Crauwels, Zhanwu Dai and Daniel Schorn-García
Agriculture 2025, 15(18), 1981; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15181981 - 19 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Climate change necessitates the exploration of new, cooler viticultural regions globally. Chardonnay is an early ripening variety which is subjected to temperature extremes. This study aimed to investigate the response of Chardonnay in cool climatic regions in the Cape South Coast region of [...] Read more.
Climate change necessitates the exploration of new, cooler viticultural regions globally. Chardonnay is an early ripening variety which is subjected to temperature extremes. This study aimed to investigate the response of Chardonnay in cool climatic regions in the Cape South Coast region of South Africa over two growing seasons in 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 in three commercial vineyards. An evaluation of the climatic, vegetative and reproductive characteristics was performed. Seasonal variation was the biggest driver of the Growing Degree Days (GDD) at the sites. Overall, the 2021–2022 season was warmer than the 2022–2023 season, but the microclimatic conditions were impacted by the cultivation practices which were applied. The canopy density and total leaf surface varied between the different sites (p < 0.01) and by season × site (p < 0.05). Site and the site × season interaction were the main drivers of the environmental conditions and cultivation practices. Canopy characteristics impacted the sugar accumulation rate over the two seasons. Grape berry transpiration was impacted by the environmental conditions at the sites. Chemical composition varied with soil depth. From the results of our study, although Chardonnay is suitable for cultivation in the Cape South region, site-specific conditions impact fruit development and the quality at harvest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change and Plant Phenology: Challenges for Fruit Production)
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Review

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18 pages, 580 KB  
Review
Fermentation-Oriented Viticulture: A Narrative Review Linking Climate Change, Soil Fertility, Crop Protection and Must Microbiota Ecology
by Eleonora Daniela Ciupeanu-Calugaru, Ana Maria Dodocioiu and Gilda-Diana Buzatu
Agriculture 2026, 16(11), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16111243 - 5 Jun 2026
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Abstract
This narrative review develops fermentation-oriented viticulture as an agronomic-oenological framework linking vineyard environment, management and must ecology to fermentation performance. The literature from 2010 to April 2026 was synthesized through structured searches in PubMed and Google Scholar, complemented by targeted searches in MDPI, [...] Read more.
This narrative review develops fermentation-oriented viticulture as an agronomic-oenological framework linking vineyard environment, management and must ecology to fermentation performance. The literature from 2010 to April 2026 was synthesized through structured searches in PubMed and Google Scholar, complemented by targeted searches in MDPI, Frontiers, Nature, ScienceDirect, OENO One, PNAS and European Union regulatory sources, with emphasis on 2020–2026 publications and retention of older foundational sources. Current evidence indicates that must microbiota is not a linear derivative of soil or berry surfaces, but a network outcome of connected habitats spanning the viticultural biotope and grapevine-associated biocenosis (soil, rhizosphere, phyllosphere, berry, insect, atmospheric and winery). Climate warming, drought, altered phenology, soil fertility, nitrogen nutrition, crop-protection programs and bio-based inputs jointly modify berry chemistry, yeast-assimilable nitrogen (YAN), microbial inocula and pre-fermentative selection pressures. The review distinguishes fermentation-oriented viticulture from descriptive microbial terroir by defining practical endpoints: fermentation onset and completion, sluggish or stuck fermentation risk, microbial stability, spoilage taxa, volatilome development and wine typicity. It also proposes operational indicators and a decision matrix for integrating vineyard and winery management. The framework supports future multi-vintage studies combining climate, soil, agronomic metadata, YAN, microbiome profiling and microvinification outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change and Plant Phenology: Challenges for Fruit Production)
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