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Agriculture
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Genetic and Molecular Basis of Crop Resistance to Pathogens
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Genetic and Molecular Basis of Crop Resistance to Pathogens

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Protection, Diseases, Pests and Weeds".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2021) | Viewed by 8190

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Olga Silvestrovna Afanasenko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
Interests: genetic of plant disease resistance, plant breeding; molecular markers; agricultural biotechnology; plant genomics; marker-assisted selection; plant phenotyping; genetic of host–pathogen interaction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diverse and rapidly evolving pathogens cause plant diseases that threaten crop yield and food security around the world. According to the FAO, global crop losses from diseases are as high as 30%. Therefore, efficient control of plant pathogens is necessary in all agricultural systems. Genetic plant protection is a convenient alternative to chemical control of diseases. It is economically advantageous and contributes to the production of environmentally friendly products. It based on using plant resistance genes to develop disease-resistant cultivars. Adaptation processes in pathogen populations lead to loss of efficiency of resistance genes, so it is necessary to involve new genes in breeding. In this regard, it is necessary to study genetic resources of resistance and develop a stock of genes with both qualitative and quantitative resistance to ensure breeding. The emergence of new genomic technologies, complete sequencing of genomes of different crops, cloning of resistance genes, and recent advances in genetics of host–pathogen interaction have contributed to the significant acceleration and improvement in research on the problem of the genetic and molecular basis of crop resistance to pathogens.

This Special Issue deals with all aspects of genetic of plant resistance to fungal, viral, bacterial and viroid diseases, and the molecular basis of host–pathogen interaction. For this Special Issue, we welcome all types of articles, including original research and reviews.

Dr. Olga Silvestrovna Afanasenko
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agriculture is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant disease resistance genes
  • genetics of durable disease resistance
  • genomic selection
  • resistance gene cloning
  • marker-assisted selection
  • genetics of plant–pathogen interaction

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 1933 KiB  
Article
Validation of Molecular Markers of Barley Net Blotch Resistance Loci on Chromosome 3H for Marker-Assisted Selection
by Olga Afanasenko, Irina Rozanova, Anastasiia Gofman, Nina Lashina, Fluturë Novakazi, Nina Mironenko, Olga Baranova and Alexandr Zubkovich
Agriculture 2022, 12(4), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040439 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2533
Abstract
The most widespread and harmful disease of barley is net form of net blotch caused by the ascomycete Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechsler (Ptt). A cost effective and environmentally sustainable strategy for barley protection against Ptt is to develop barley cultivars [...] Read more.
The most widespread and harmful disease of barley is net form of net blotch caused by the ascomycete Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechsler (Ptt). A cost effective and environmentally sustainable strategy for barley protection against Ptt is to develop barley cultivars possessing genetic resistance. In previous GWA analysis, we identified SNP-markers associated with a resistance locus on chromosome 3H in the interval of 45.82–54.53 cM. These SNPs have been described previously in the literature to be located within the same region of chromosome 3H. The aim of the study was to validate QTL markers controlling resistance to Ptt on chromosome 3H in this region by KASP genotyping in four F2 populations of crosses between the resistant cultivars, Morex, Fox, and Zolo, and the accession, Local k-21578, with the susceptible barley cv. Gesine and in a doubled haploid (DH) population of Canadian Lake Shore (CLS)/Harrington. Eleven of fifteen studied markers showed high efficacy (97.5–100%) for co-segregation with resistance to Ptt in the DH population, CLS/Harrington. Three of these markers located at 54.53 cM and one at 51.27 cM were effective in two F2 populations of crosses of Morex and Fox with susceptible cv. Gesine. These markers are also located close to each other on the physical map (442,203,921–443,119,491 bp). Apparently, in cultivars, CLS, Morex, and Fox, resistance to Ptt is determined by the same locus. Markers JHI-Hv50k-2016-166392 (47.1 cM, 112,536,071 bp), Clone ID 3255462_1 (51.63 cM, 363,531,898 bp), and Clone ID 3255462_2 (51.63 cM, 363,531,871 bp) showed high efficacy in the DH population and in the F2 population, Local k-21578/Gesine. Apparently, at least two loci controlling Ptt resistance exist in the chromosome region of 47.0–54.3 cM: one at 46.0–48.44 cM and another at 51.27–54.8 cM. These regions were found to harbor several genes involved in important plant functions, including disease response and signaling pathways. Allele-specific PCR markers were developed based on the KASP assay data and tested on six resistant, two moderately resistant, and two susceptible barley genotypes. Four markers were found to be effective to differentiate susceptible and resistant barley genotypes. The KASP and allele-specific PCR markers associated with Ptt resistance on chromosome 3H will be useful for pyramiding resistance QTLs in barley marker-assisted selection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic and Molecular Basis of Crop Resistance to Pathogens)
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Review

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15 pages, 764 KiB  
Review
Genetic Protection of Soft Wheat from Diseases in the Southern Ural of Russia and Virulence Variability of Foliar Pathogens
by Igor Kushnirenko, Ekaterina Shreyder, Nadezhda Bondarenko, Ekaterina Shaydayuk, Nadezhda Kovalenko, Julia Titova and Elena Gultyaeva
Agriculture 2021, 11(8), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080703 - 26 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1910
Abstract
The southern Ural is consistently among the 10 best regions in Russia for agricultural production, including wheat. Breeding in the Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture aims to develop wheat cultivars genetically protected from the main diseases (leaf and stem rust, septoria leaf blotch [...] Read more.
The southern Ural is consistently among the 10 best regions in Russia for agricultural production, including wheat. Breeding in the Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture aims to develop wheat cultivars genetically protected from the main diseases (leaf and stem rust, septoria leaf blotch and tan spot). The genes for resistance to leaf rust, Lr1, Lr9, Lr10 and Lr26/Sr31, alone or in combination, are widespread in cultivars grown in the southern Ural. In 2012, a new wheat cultivar, Chelyaba 75, was proposed for commercial production in the southern Ural, being highly resistant to leaf rust with the highly effective genes LrSp and SrSp transferred from the cuckoo line with the genetic material Aegilops speltoides. Isolates virulent to cv. Chelyaba 75 were not found in Russian populations of Puccinia triticina. Additionally, for a long period, genes Lr29, Lr 41, Lr42, Lr45, Lr47, Lr50, Lr51, Lr53 and Lr57 were characterized by high efficiency. Virulence frequencies to other Lr genes vary annually, but no races with new virulence have been identified. The resistance of lines with the Sr31 and Sr24 genes indicates that the Puccinia graminis population does not contain genotypes with the potentially damaging race Ug99. Mixed septoria and tan spot infections occurred in the southern Ural, with the latter dominating. Races producing the exotoxin ToxA are widely distributed in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis populations. Two causal agents of septoria leaf blotch (Parastagonospora nodorum and P. avenae f. sp. tritici) occur in the region, with the first dominating. Aggressiveness of P. nodorum isolates to wheat cultivars was higher than that of P. avenae f. sp. tritici. All Parastagonospora isolates showed the presence of the SnTox3 marker. SnToxA and SnTox1 markers were found in P. nodorum isolates, usually separately, but in one isolate, these genes were found together. The analysis of the genetic diversity of wheat cultivars grown in the southern Ural, and the pathogenic complex present, indicate that pathogens continuously evolve under the influence of the host plant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic and Molecular Basis of Crop Resistance to Pathogens)
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13 pages, 542 KiB  
Review
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in Wheat Cultivars Registered in Russia and Their Influence on Adaptation Processes in Pathogen Populations
by Elena Gultyaeva, Ekaterina Shaydayuk and Philipp Gannibal
Agriculture 2021, 11(4), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040319 - 5 Apr 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3166
Abstract
The main growing regions for winter wheat in the Russian Federation are the North Caucasian, Central Black Earth, and Central agroecological regions. Spring wheat crops dominate in the Urals, Volga region, and Western Siberia. Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is [...] Read more.
The main growing regions for winter wheat in the Russian Federation are the North Caucasian, Central Black Earth, and Central agroecological regions. Spring wheat crops dominate in the Urals, Volga region, and Western Siberia. Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important disease, impacting greatly on wheat production. In Russia, the disease was an annual problem until 2010 but has since been more effectively controlled. However, changes in virulence in pathogen populations may arise from climate change, evolving cropping practices, intense use of chemical protectants, and an increase in the release of resistant cultivars. In the 2000s, the State Register of the Russian Federation included an increase in the number of winter and spring wheat cultivars resistant to leaf rust. However, successful genetic protection requires a diversity of cultivars with different resistance genes (Lr genes). Studies by the All Russian Institute of Plant Protection identified Lr genes in Russian cultivars’ phenotypes and molecular markers. In addition, the prevalence of virulence in pathogen populations was studied and the influence of the cultivar used in wheat production on the changes in these populations was evaluated. This paper reviews research on the genetic diversity of winter and spring wheat cultivars included in the State Register of Russia from 2000 to 2020 and analyzes their impact on the prevalence of virulence in pathogen populations. These data demonstrate the continuous evolution of P. triticina in response to wheat breeding efforts. Populations of the pathogen showed higher variability in regions where pathotype-specific resistance cultivars were commonly grown. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic and Molecular Basis of Crop Resistance to Pathogens)
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