Mechanisms Underlying Cereal Grain Quality Formation and Strategies for Genetic Improvement

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Genetics, Genomics and Breeding".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 February 2026 | Viewed by 207

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
Interests: seed development; peptide signaling; endosperm and embryo development; endosperm cellularization; rice grain quality
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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: rice (Oryza sativa, L.); starch biosynthesis and regulation; seed storage protein; protein trafficking; grain chalkiness; rice quality

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The quality of cereal grains is a critical determinant of their nutritional value, processing performance, and market acceptance. Over the decades, research into grain quality formation has evolved from descriptive analyses to the in-depth molecular and genetic dissection of underlying mechanisms. Advances in genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics have unraveled key regulators and networks involved in starch biosynthesis and regulation, protein accumulation, micronutrient enrichment, and anti-nutritional factors. Environmental influences and post-harvest processes further shape grain quality, adding complexity to breeding efforts.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the biological processes and molecular mechanisms that control cereal grain quality traits, while highlighting emerging tools and strategies for their genetic improvement. We seek to bridge fundamental discoveries with applied outcomes, fostering translational research that benefits breeding programs.

This Issue will feature cutting-edge studies on regulatory genes and networks controlling starch biosynthesis, protein body formation, lipid metabolism, and grain micronutrient homeostasis. It will also include insights into epigenetic regulation, hormone signaling, and interactions between grain development and environmental cues. Integrative approaches using CRISPR/Cas gene editing, multi-omics data integration, and high-throughput phenotyping are particularly encouraged.

We invite original research articles, reviews, and perspectives that explore mechanistic insights, functional validation, or translational strategies to improve grain quality in major cereals such as rice, wheat, maize, barley, and sorghum. Studies on underutilized cereals with unique quality traits are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Chunming Liu
Prof. Dr. Yihua Wang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cereal grain quality
  • starch biosynthesis, protein trafficking
  • protein accumulation
  • micronutrient enrichment
  • environmental influence
  • genome editing
  • genetic improvement

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 5624 KB  
Article
Development and Properties of Starches in Vitreous and Floury Endosperm of Maize
by Yuzhi Han, Shuchang Wei, Ahui Xu and Cunxu Wei
Agriculture 2025, 15(18), 1978; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15181978 - 19 Sep 2025
Viewed by 95
Abstract
Starches from vitreous and floury endosperm in mature maize kernels exhibit significantly different properties, yet the developmental basis for the differences remains unclear. In this research, inner endosperm (IE) and outer endosperm (OE) regions, which develop into floury and vitreous endosperm, respectively, were [...] Read more.
Starches from vitreous and floury endosperm in mature maize kernels exhibit significantly different properties, yet the developmental basis for the differences remains unclear. In this research, inner endosperm (IE) and outer endosperm (OE) regions, which develop into floury and vitreous endosperm, respectively, were separated from developing maize kernels. Their starch development and properties were investigated using morphological observation, physicochemical characterization, transcriptome analysis, and biochemical assays. The IE contained small, spherical starch granules with loose arrangement, ultimately forming floury endosperm, whereas the OE displayed large, polygonal starch granules packed tightly, contributing to vitreous endosperm formation. The OE exhibited a higher starch filling degree compared to the IE. Throughout endosperm development, amylose content progressively increased in both regions, but was consistently higher in OE starch than in IE starch. The relative crystallinity and lamellar peak intensity of starch decreased gradually during endosperm development; however, at later stages, both parameters were higher in IE starch than in OE starch. Transcriptome analysis revealed that processes such as anaerobic respiration, glycolysis, and response to hypoxia were more enriched in IE compared to OE. Nearly all genes associated with glycolysis and ethanol fermentation pathways were upregulated in IE. Although no significant difference was observed in the activity of granule-bound starch synthase I between IE and OE, the activity of pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase was higher in OE than in IE. These findings suggest that the insufficient nutrient supply and pronounced hypoxic conditions in the IE reduced the availability of carbon substrates for starch synthesis, thereby impairing starch development and accumulation. In contrast, the larger granule size of OE starch facilitates higher amylose accumulation, leading to distinct physicochemical properties between IE and OE starches. Full article
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