Embodied Intelligence and Actuator Co-Design for Autonomous Vehicles

A special issue of Actuators (ISSN 2076-0825). This special issue belongs to the section "Actuators for Surface Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2027 | Viewed by 812

Editors


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Guest Editor
AutoMan Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Interests: autonomous driving; collective intelligence; continual learning

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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Interests: human-robot interaction; computational modeling; interactive motion planning for autonomous driving; traffic safety

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Guest Editor
Department of Cognitive Robotics, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: autonomous driving; machine learning; AI-driven; human factor

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Guest Editor
National Engineering Research Center for Electric Vehicles, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: autonomous driving; machine learning; AI-driven; motion planning; decision-making; energy management of hybrid electric vehicles
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Interests: autonomous systems; robotics; multi-modal embodied AI; foundation models; human-in-the-loop AI; human-machine systems; codesign optimization
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Autonomous driving is shifting from modular pipelines to embodied intelligence powered by large models (LLMs, VLMs, and VLAs) that reason over perception, prediction, and control in a closed loop. This Special Issue seeks work that connects foundation models and continual learning with vehicle behavior and actuation constraints, emphasizing software-centric co-design rather than hardware specifics. We welcome studies on policy learning and decision-making with risk-aware reasoning, safe RL/IL, lifelong/continual learning under distribution shift, multi-agent interaction, and sim-to-real transfer. Contributions may include large-model planning and control, tool-use/action grounding, policy distillation and compression for on-vehicle deployment, verification and interpretability of model decisions, dataset and benchmark creation for actuation-aware evaluation, and digital-twin or HIL validation frameworks that close the gap between model reasoning and vehicle dynamics. Both theoretical and empirical works are encouraged, provided they clarify how model capacities, memory, and adaptation shape closed-loop performance, safety, and efficiency.

Dr. Zirui Li
Dr. Xiaocong Zhao
Dr. Xiaolin He
Dr. Guodong Du
Dr. Chen Lyu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • embodied intelligence and actuator selection/placement
  • integrated perception–control–actuation loops
  • predictive and robust control
  • learning-based approaches for actuation
  • active chassis and motion control
  • human-machine interaction
  • co-optimization of energy and thermal management
  • digital twins for actuator design and validation
  • actuation systems for autonomous vehicles

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

28 pages, 2045 KB  
Article
System Integration and Cost Evaluation for Full-Stack and Full-Domain Intelligentization of Complete Vehicles
by Wang Zhang, Fuquan Zhao and Zongwei Liu
Actuators 2026, 15(6), 315; https://doi.org/10.3390/act15060315 - 2 Jun 2026
Viewed by 328
Abstract
The hardware and software integration of intelligent vehicles is a complex system engineering with full-stack and full-domain integration, which exerts a significant impact on the cost of intelligentization of complete vehicles. This study firstly constructs a vehicle intelligence grading system covering four major [...] Read more.
The hardware and software integration of intelligent vehicles is a complex system engineering with full-stack and full-domain integration, which exerts a significant impact on the cost of intelligentization of complete vehicles. This study firstly constructs a vehicle intelligence grading system covering four major functional domains, namely, intelligent driving, intelligent cockpit, intelligent vehicle control, and intelligent connectivity. It sorts out more than 120 functional subsystems and realizes the accurate mapping of hardware and software technical elements. Secondly, a full-time-scale-based hierarchical functional deployment framework is established, along with a system integration optimization model oriented to the computing–communication integrated network. Finally, a total cost of ownership evaluation model for the intelligentization of complete vehicles is constructed, and a systematic comparison is conducted on the integration schemes and cost differences between the distributed architecture and the “central computing + zonal control” architecture. The research framework established in this study is highly compatible with the vehicle-forward development process and can provide a solid theoretical basis and quantitative decision support for automotive manufacturers in terms of architecture selection, function planning, integrated design, and cost control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embodied Intelligence and Actuator Co-Design for Autonomous Vehicles)
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