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Alloys, Volume 4, Issue 3 (September 2025) – 3 articles

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9 pages, 4257 KiB  
Article
Ultrasonic-Assisted Face Turning of C45 Steel: An Experimental Investigation on Surface Integrity
by Thanh-Trung Nguyen
Alloys 2025, 4(3), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys4030013 - 10 Jul 2025
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Abstract
This study investigates the effect of ultrasonic vibration applied in the cutting speed direction on surface quality during face turning of C45 steel. The experiments were performed using an ultrasonic generator operating at a frequency of 20 kHz with an amplitude of approximately [...] Read more.
This study investigates the effect of ultrasonic vibration applied in the cutting speed direction on surface quality during face turning of C45 steel. The experiments were performed using an ultrasonic generator operating at a frequency of 20 kHz with an amplitude of approximately 10 µm. The cutting parameters used in the experiments included spindle speeds of 700, 1100, and 1300 rpm, feed rates of 0.1 and 0.15 mm/rev, while the depth of cut was fixed at 0.2 mm. Surface quality was evaluated based on the roughness parameters Ra and Rz, as well as surface topography was observed using a Keyence VHX-7000 digital microscope. The results show that ultrasonic-assisted face turning (UAFT) significantly improves surface finish, particularly in the central region of the workpiece where the cutting speed is lower and built-up edge (BUE) formation is more likely. The lowest Ra value recorded was 0.91 µm, representing a 71% reduction compared to conventional turning (CT). Furthermore, at the highest spindle speed (1300 rpm), the standard deviations of both Ra and Rz were minimal, indicating improved surface consistency due to the suppression of BUE by ultrasonic vibration. Topographical observations further confirmed that UAFT generated regular and periodic surface patterns, in contrast to the irregular textures observed in CT. Full article
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24 pages, 2492 KiB  
Review
Impact of Niobium Reduction on the Microstructure and Properties of Alloy 625 Weld Overlay Claddings: A Review
by Reylina Garcia Tayactac, Mark Christian E. Manuel, Jaime P. Honra, Tiago Bohn Kaspary and Raimundo Cabral de Medeiros
Alloys 2025, 4(3), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys4030012 - 2 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Alloy 625 is a widely utilized nickel-based superalloy known for its excellent mechanical strength and corrosion resistance in aggressive environments. However, its high niobium (Nb) content can lead to the formation of detrimental phases, such as Laves and MC carbides, during welding processes, [...] Read more.
Alloy 625 is a widely utilized nickel-based superalloy known for its excellent mechanical strength and corrosion resistance in aggressive environments. However, its high niobium (Nb) content can lead to the formation of detrimental phases, such as Laves and MC carbides, during welding processes, compromising the mechanical integrity and long-term performance of the weld overlay. This review systematically examines recent research findings on the implications of reducing Nb content in Alloy 625 weld overlays, particularly with respect to microstructure evolution, mechanical behavior, and corrosion performance. Key advancements, including the understanding of segregation behavior, solidification paths, and secondary phase formation, are presented based on recent studies. This paper aims to provide a discussion on the trade-offs and future directions for optimizing Alloy 625 weld overlay claddings through Nb content modification. Full article
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16 pages, 3210 KiB  
Article
Performance Improvement of Tin-Based Babbitt Alloy Through Control of Microstructure
by Zhang Wei, Honglin Shu, Gaixiao Qiao, Qunfeng Zeng, Guoping Wang and Qian Jia
Alloys 2025, 4(3), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys4030011 - 20 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Babbitt alloys are among the most commonly used materials for sliding bearings. However, with the high speeds and heavy loads of modern machinery, as well as the demands of extreme working conditions, the temperature resistance, strength, and hardness of traditional Babbitt alloys are [...] Read more.
Babbitt alloys are among the most commonly used materials for sliding bearings. However, with the high speeds and heavy loads of modern machinery, as well as the demands of extreme working conditions, the temperature resistance, strength, and hardness of traditional Babbitt alloys are often insufficient to meet these requirements. To address this issue, it is essential to improve the properties of Babbitt alloys, particularly their performance at high temperatures. The present study explored a technical approach for incorporating copper powder to improve the high-temperature performance of Babbitt alloys. Copper powder was added to the traditional Babbitt alloy in mass percentages of 1, 2, 3, and 4%. After fabrication, the samples were examined using metallographic structure analysis, high-temperature compression testing, and friction and wear testing. The experiments investigated the effects of copper powder addition on the properties of the Babbitt alloy and determined the optimal amount of copper powder required to enhance its performance. Full article
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